Frontiers in oncology
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Frontiers in oncology · Jan 2019
Ability of Radiomics in Differentiation of Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma From Atypical Low-Grade Oligodendroglioma Using Machine-Learning Approach.
Objectives: To investigate the ability of radiomics features from MRI in differentiating anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) from atypical low-grade oligodendroglioma using machine-learning algorithms. Methods: A total number of 101 qualified patients (50 participants with AO and 51 with atypical low-grade oligodendroglioma) were enrolled in this retrospective, single-center study. Forty radiomics features of tumor images derived from six matrices were extracted from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1C) images and fluid-attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. ⋯ For models based on T1C images, the combination of LASSO and RF classifier represented the highest AUC of 0.904 in the validation group. For models based on FLAIR images, the combination of GBDT and RF classifier showed the highest AUC of 0.861 in the validation group. Conclusion: Radiomics-based machine-learning approach could potentially serve as a feasible method in distinguishing AO from atypical low-grade oligodendroglioma.
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Frontiers in oncology · Jan 2019
Prognostic Role of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients With Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.
Background: Many studies have been reported that platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) may be associated with the prognosis of bladder cancer, but the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of pretreatment PLR on the prognosis of bladder cancer. Methods: The databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched. ⋯ An elevated PLR was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.03-1.54, p = 0.026), but not with cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.95-1.38, p = 0.149), or recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.79-3.75, p = 0.175). In addition, high PLR was correlated with age ≥ 65 years (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.24-2.67, p = 0.002), whereas was not significantly correlated with sex, tumor grade, tumor stage, distant metastasis, or tumor size. Conclusions: The pretreatment PLR could serve as a predicative biomarker of poor prognosis for patients with bladder cancer.
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Frontiers in oncology · Jan 2019
Case ReportsVitiligo Adverse Event Observed in a Patient With Durable Complete Response After Nivolumab for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Background: Renal cell carcinoma is the third most prevalent urological cancer worldwide and about 30% of patients present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Systemic treatments for metastatic renal cell carcinoma have improved recently. Vascular endothelial growth factor targeting therapies were the previous standard of care. ⋯ Conclusions: Pathological complete response with nivolumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma is rare. This case further highlights the potentially predictive role of immune-related adverse events during nivolumab therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma and raises questions concerning the role of nephrectomy after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Further studies are needed to better identify predictive factors for treatment response to immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and to better understand the role of nephrectomy after nivolumab treatment.
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Frontiers in oncology · Jan 2019
Publication Landscape Analysis on Gliomas: How Much Has Been Done in the Past 25 Years?
Introduction: The body of glioma-related literature has grown significantly over the past 25 years. Despite this growth in the amount of published research, gliomas remain one of the most intransigent cancers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the landscape of glioma-related research over the past 25 years using machine learning and text analysis. ⋯ The current research landscape covers clinical, pre-clinical, biological, and technical aspects of glioblastoma; at present, researchers appear to be less concerned with glioblastoma's psychological effects or patients' end-of-life care. Conclusion: Publication of glioma-related research has expanded rapidly over the past 25 years. Common topics include the disease's molecular background, patients' survival, and treatment outcomes; more research needs to be done on the psychological aspects of glioblastoma and end-of-life care.
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Frontiers in oncology · Jan 2019
Observational Studies on the Association Between Post-diagnostic Metformin Use and Survival in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Objectives: To summarize and quantify the relationship between post-diagnostic metformin use and ovarian cancer (OC) survival. Methods: We systematically conducted an updated meta-analysis based on observational studies published up to December 31, 2018, identified from PubMed and Web of Science. Two team members independently extracted data and assessed the quality of each study. ⋯ No significant publication bias was detected in these analyses. Conclusions: Post-diagnostic metformin use is consistently associated with better survival of OC patients regardless of diabetes status. Studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are required to confirm these findings and obtain detailed information, including standardized references for comparison, intensity and dose of metformin use, and further adjustment for potential confounders.