Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing
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To explore nurses' responses to making mistakes in hospital-based practice in the US. ⋯ This research was a first step toward the development of a theory of mistake making in nursing practice. This response to making mistakes is consistent with previous research and is related to cognitive dissonance theory. The responses to mistakes varied from less healthy responses of blaming and silence to healthier responses that included disclosure, apologizing, and making amends. Further research to develop the theory and to determine helpful interventions is suggested.
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(a) Determine the frequency and types of physical restraints used by nurses in intensive care units, emergency departments, and neurosurgery wards; (b) understand nurses' attitudes toward physical restraint; and (c) identify complications in physically restrained patients. ⋯ Actions to reduce use of and complications from physical restraints should include attention to nurse staffing and education about use of restraints.
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To critically examine research on racial and ethnic disparities in pain management with a focus on who has been studied, the magnitude of disparities, and potential explanations for those disparities. ⋯ Greater clarity and consistency are needed in the use of the terms race, ethnicity, and minority. Groups were treated as if they were homogeneous, and details were lacking about whether subgroups of different races or ethnicities had been studied. Although reported disparities in pain management were small, they were consistent. Further research is needed to examine differences within groups and to explain possible reasons for disparities across groups.
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To review randomized trials of relaxation interventions used for the treatment of pain in adults and to synthesize evidence regarding the efficacy of specific techniques. ⋯ Most of the studies reviewed had weaknesses in methodology, which limited the ability to draw conclusions about interventions. Further research is needed to confirm positive findings related to PMR, jaw relaxation, and systematic relaxation, to address questions related to the dose-response relationship and the individual differences that might influence response to relaxation interventions. These and other relaxation techniques require testing in carefully designed and conducted trials.
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To analyze the research published in peer-reviewed journals between 1996 and 2005 about factors affecting the physical outcomes of older adults after serious traumatic injury. ⋯ Additional research is needed to clarify the contributory effect of variables such as psychosocial sequelae and physiologic resilience on injury outcome. The field of geriatric trauma would benefit from further population-based prospective investigation of the determinants of injury outcome in older adults in order to guide interventions and acute care treatment.