Stomatologii͡a
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Controlled Clinical Trial
[Clinical and physiological rationale for use of clonidine with articaine and adrenaline for local anesthesia in pediatric dentistry].
The study evaluated the effect of local anesthesia with articaine in different combinations with epinephrine and clonidine (articaine (4%) + epinephrine (1:200 000), articaine (4%) + clonidine (1:100 000), articaine (4%) + epinephrine (1:200 000) + clonidine (1:100 000), articaine (4%) + epinephrine (1:400 000) + clonidine (1:100 000)), on a number of physiological parameters in pediatric dental practice that characterize cardiovascular system, patient's degree of adaptation to a stressful situation and efficacy of analgesia. It is shown that in terms of impact on the cardiovascular system and stress adaptation indicators anesthesia including combination of epinephrine (1: 200 000) and clonidine (1: 100 000) in the anesthetic solution is the safest. Furthermore, this method ensures the most appropriate analgesic effect.
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Editorial Historical Article
[25th anniversary of Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy Dental School].
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To compare the laryngeal mask airways (LMA), LMA - Flexible (LMA-F) and LMA-ProSeal (PLMA) with respect to airway management in dental surgery. 35 patients, with the pathology of stomatological area (cysts of the lower jaw; diseases maxillary sinus) were investigated during the operation. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl and atracurium besylate. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and neuromuscular blockade with mechanical ventilation. ⋯ The reaction of cardiovascular system while installating LMA-F and PLMA was absent. As for the gas exchange no difference was noticed in both groups (p<0.05). A correctly placed LMA-F or PLMA during general anaesthesia with sevoflurane is effective for airway management in surgery.
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Smoking appears to be one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression of periodontal disease. Smoking is also a risk factor in the development of peripheral vascular diseases. Blood vessels in smokers are fewer and are subjected to stenosis. ⋯ In 30 minutes we observed a marked decrease in gingival blood flow in all groups, followed by gradual restoration of blood flow rate, registered before smoking. This restoration took 1.5-2 hrs in group with light periodontitis, 2 hrs in group with moderate periodontitis and more than 2 hrs in group with heavy periodontitis. We suppose, that constant changes in blood supply of periodontal tissue caused by smoking may contribute to higher prevalence and faster progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases in smokers.
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Comparative Study
[Articaine and adrenaline combinations efficacy for dental anesthesia].
5 articaine preparations including besides 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:100 000 and 1:200 000, 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:400 000, 2% articaine 1:200 000 and articaine without a vasoconstrictor were investigated on 52 volunteers, dental students. It was established that new combinations of articaine with epinephrine had relatively high activity to anesthetize dental pulp which was comparable with classic agents but slightly inferior to them in all the criteria studied. Articaine without adrenaline had not practically induced pulpal analgesia.