Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi
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Review Historical Article
Cervical anterior fusion with the Williams-Isu method: clinical review.
Anterior decompression and fusion of the cervical spine is a widely accepted treatment for cervical canal disease. The Williams-Isu method involves cervical anterior fusion with autologous bone grafts from cervical vertebral bodies. Its advantages are a wide operative field, excellent graft fusion, the absence of problems related to the iliac donor site, and direct visualization of the nerve root. ⋯ To reduce the levels to be fused in patients with multilevel lesions due to cervical disease, the Williams-Isu method can be combined with the transvertebral approach. The transvertebral approach facilitated by the wide Williams-Isu window allows the root bifurcation area to be confirmed during the early stage of surgery and possible decompression along the root. Radiological examination has shown that the combination of the Williams-Isu method and transvertebral approach does not affect the fusion level compared with the Williams-Isu method alone and produces better results than does the transvertebral approach alone.
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Radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer after transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) is technically difficult because of periprostatic adhesion and changes in the form of the prostate. The advantages of laparoscopic RP (LRP) over retropubic RP (RRP) include a less invasive operation through a small wound, a clearer field of vision, and reduced blood loss, and, therefore, LRP may represent the optimal method for RP after TUR-P. The present study compared clinical, oncological, and pathological outcomes between LRP and RRP after TUR-P at our institution. ⋯ We found no significant differences in clinical, pathological, and oncological outcomes, except for urinary incontinence, between LRP and RRP.
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Like other forms of laparoscopic surgery, laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (Lap-PD) is a minimally invasive procedure that can greatly reduce bleeding during surgery. We performed Lap-PD for a case of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. To remove the resected tissue from the body, we made a small incision directly above the line of transection of the distal pancreas (the cut stump). ⋯ All reconstructive procedures, except for hepaticojejunostomy, were performed under direct visualization; hepaticojejunostomy was performed laparoscopically. The reconstructive surgery was effective and was as safe as open abdominal surgery. We also discuss the value of using an endoscopic linear stapler for Lap-PD pancreatic transection, to reduce extravasation of pancreatic fluid into the abdominal cavity during the resection of tumors involving the pancreatic ducts, such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.
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Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can cause severe permanent disabilities. A mother who is seronegative before conception but acquires infection during pregnancy is a risk factor for congenital infection. We describe a neonate in whom congenital CMV infection was diagnosed at birth and confirmed with DNA quantitation by means of the polymerase chain reaction, was accompanied by cerebral ventriculomegaly and severe hearing loss, and was treated with ganciclovir/valganciclovir for 6 weeks. ⋯ Single-photon emission computed tomography showed marked improvement 6 months after treatment. This case provides compelling evidence that a reliable diagnosis of congenital CMV infections coupled with a prompt and appropriate treatment program can prevent permanent disability. It is, therefore, important to establish a more effective strategy for the management of congenital CMV infection.
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Case Reports
Two cases of flexor digitorum profundus avulsion due to enchondroma of the distal phalanx.
Avulsion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon with fracture of the distal phalanx is rare. Moreover, enchondroma is less frequent in the distal phalanx. We report two unusual cases of avulsion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon at its insertion in combination with pathological fracture of the distal phalanx due to enchondroma. ⋯ At the final follow-up examinations, there were no symptoms and no recurrence of the bone tumor. In the present cases, three-dimensional computed tomography imaging was useful for diagnosing the flexor tendon avulsion, determining the preoperative identification the location of a ruptured tendon stump, and planning the operation to minimize the surgical wound. The recommended treatment for avulsion of the FDP tendon due to enchondroma is curettage, bone grafting of the resultant cavity, and reattachment of the tendon to ensure sufficient structural strength to permit secure fixation and early mobilization and, especially, to prevent flexion contracture of the finger because the stump of the flexor digitorum profundus is buried in the cavity of the distal phalanx.