The journal of headache and pain
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The evidence supporting the efficacy of dietary preventive therapy in migraine is rising, particularly regarding the ketogenic diet. However, less evidence exists for the Low-Glycemic Index Diet and the 2:1 KD. This retrospective single-center real-life study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a 2:1 ketogenic diet and a Low-Glycemic-index Diet in chronic and high-frequency episodic migraine. ⋯ Both diets are effective in reducing migraine symptoms and migraine-related disability.
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In idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), certain MRI features are promising diagnostic markers, but whether these have prognostic value is currently unknown. ⋯ MRI features of IIH are neither prognostic of visual nor headache outcome.
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Headache disorders are major contributors to disability in adolescents and young adults worldwide. We aimed to analyze global trends in the burden of migraine and tension-type headache in 10 to 24-year-olds from 1990 to 2019. ⋯ The incidence, prevalence and disability from migraine and tension-type headache are rising in adolescents and young adults, especially in males, older youth and middle SDI populations. The increasing trends highlight the need for targeted interventions focused on prevention and control in priority populations. Continued monitoring of trends can help identify strategies to promote headache health and reduce the life-course impacts of headache disorders globally.
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Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD), the neurophysiological correlate of the migraine aura, can activate trigeminal pain pathways, but the neurobiological mechanisms and behavioural consequences remain unclear. Here we investigated effects of optogenetically-induced CSDs on headache-related behaviour and neuroinflammatory responses in transgenic mice carrying a familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1) mutation. ⋯ CSDs, induced in a minimally invasive manner by optogenetics, investigated in freely behaving mice, cause various migraine relevant behavioural and neuroinflammatory phenotypes that are more pronounced and longer-lasting in FHM1 mutant compared to WT mice. Prevention of CSD-related neuroinflammatory changes may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of migraine.
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Migraine headache attacks and accompanying sensory augmentation can be induced by several agents including levcromakalim (LVC), that is also capable of provoking aura-like symptoms in migraineurs. We investigated whether single LVC injection causes acute migraine-like phenotype in rats and induces/modulates cortical spreading depolarization (CSD), a rodent model of migraine aura. ⋯ Single LVC administration induced the fastest manifestation and recovery of acute migraine-like phenotype which was not mediated by CSD waves in the cerebral cortex. We suppose LVC triggered rapid-onset migraine-like symptoms are probably related to functional alterations in the trigeminal nociceptive system and K+ channel opening properties of LVC. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of this nociceptive window, may provide a novel target in migraine treatment.