Laboratory animals
-
Comparative Study
A comparison of a forced-air warming system to traditional thermal support for rodent microenvironments.
Thermal homeostasis is important for the well-being of laboratory rodents during experimental investigations involving chemical restraint. Anaesthesia-induced hypothermia may alter physiological processes, prolong recovery times, or result in death. Therefore, active warming may be needed to prevent excess heat loss from the rodent to the environment. ⋯ The magnitude of increase in the microenvironmental temperature was significantly higher for the FAWB, with the plastic drape wrapped around the recovery cage, compared to the other treatments. In both experiments, forced-air warming proved superior to the more traditional thermal support treatments in heating the microenvironments quickly and to an optimum ambient temperature. Forced-air warming devices should be considered when thermal support is required for rodent procedural areas and recovery cages.
-
Comparative Study
Long-term anaesthesia using inhalatory isoflurane in different strains of mice-the haemodynamic effects.
The aim of this study was to establish a simple and safe method of anaesthesia for intravital microcirculatory observations in small laboratory animals. The usefulness of isoflurane inhalation anaesthesia has been investigated in different strains of mice commonly used in experimental medicine. These were the hairless (hr/hr, n = 12), the BALB/c (n = 12) and the nude mouse (nu/nu, n = 3). ⋯ A moderate acidosis was recorded in animals under isoflurane anaesthesia, with alterations of arterial blood pH, p(a)O(2) and pCO(2) values (7.29+/- 0.06, 130+/- 19 mmHg and 35.6+/- 4.7 mmHg, respectively). In conclusion, inhalation anaesthesia with isoflurane is useful for experimental studies in the mouse due to (1) the simplicity of administration of the anaesthetic, (2) the rapid induction of anaesthesia, (3) easy control of the depth of anaesthesia, (4) the low percentage of complications, and (5) stable MAP and HR during observations lasting several hours. The proposed technique is especially suitable for observations of the microcirculation under intravital fluorescence microscopy.
-
Comparative Study
Isoflurane with morphine is a suitable anaesthetic regimen for embryo transfer in the production of transgenic rats.
During our initial attempts to produce transgenic rats, we found that an anaesthetic combination typically used for embryo transfer (intramuscular injection of ketamine [90 mg/kg] with xylazine [10 mg/kg]) yielded extensive variation in both the depth and length of anaesthesia. In the present prospective study, we compared the reproductive outcomes afforded by using either isoflurane (5% for induction, 2% for maintenance, carried in 2 l/min of oxygen) with morphine (5 mg/kg s.c., given immediately after isoflurane induction) or ketamine/xylazine in adult (250-300 g), pseudopregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. Each animal was anaesthetized with either isoflurane/morphine or ketamine/xylazine, after which 30 microinjected eggs were transferred into the left uterine horn. ⋯ All rats given isoflurane/morphine quickly achieved a surgical depth of anaesthesia and experienced a rapid postoperative recovery (3-5 min). In contrast, 25% of rats injected with ketamine/xylazine did not reach a depth of anaesthesia within 10 min that was sufficient for laparotomy, and all that were anaesthetized successfully required an extended postoperative recovery period (60-90 min). These data show that isoflurane/morphine is well tolerated by microinjected embryos and suggest that its use during embryo transfer may provide a means for both reducing the number of pseudopregnant females used and increasing the speed with which rat transgenic projects are completed.
-
Animal models have become an essential tool in the investigations of gut motility under experimental conditions. To determine the influence of various anaesthetic drugs on the motility pattern of the gastroduodenal tract, a new long-term model has had to be developed for allowing measurements in conscious and unrestrained as well as in sedated and analgosedated pigs. Since mechanical ventilation influences gut motility, it was necessary that this animal model enabled the investigation of the effect of drugs causing sedation and analgosedation during spontaneous breathing. ⋯ In conclusion, the habituation and training for 9 days enabled the measurement of gut motility by intraluminal impedancometry in conscious pigs. The insertion of the catheter was done during general anaesthesia using a combination of propofol and ketamine. For the future determination of gut motility performed under general anaesthesia, each sedation and analgosedation concept has to be evaluated to see whether it allows spontaneous breathing or whether mechanical ventilation is necessary.