Pain physician
-
Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PED) includes 2 main procedures: percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID), both of which are minimally invasive surgical procedures that effectively deal with lumbar degenerative disorders. Because of the challenging learning curve for the surgeon and the individual characteristics of each patient, preventing and avoiding complications is difficult. The most common complications, such as nucleus pulposus omission, nerve root injury, dural tear, visceral injury, nerve root induced hyperalgesia or burning-like nerve root pain, postoperative dysesthesia, posterior neck pain, and surgical site infection, are difficult to avoid; however, more focus on these issues perioperatively may be in order. Additionally, unique and unexpected complications can also occur, such as retroperitoneal hematoma (RPH), intraoperative seizures, and thrombophlebitis, among others. ⋯ Unique complications, epidural, hematoma, interlaminar, transforaminal, PEID, PELD.
-
The extraforaminal ligaments between the L1-L5 lumbar spinal nerves and the tissues surrounding the intervertebral foramina (IVF) have been well studied. However, little research has been performed to describe the local anatomy of the entrance zones at the L1-L5 level. Detailed anatomic studies of the intraforaminal ligaments (IFLs) in the entrance zones at the L1-L5 levels have not been performed. ⋯ Clinical Anatomy, microdissection, intraforaminal ligament, the entrance zone, L1-L5 intervertebral foramen, endoscopic spinal adhesiolysis, sacral hiatus, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, dural laceration.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of Dexmedetomidine Added to Modified Pectoral Block on Postoperative Pain and Stress Response in Patient Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy.
The most common surgical procedure for breast cancer is the modified radical mastectomy (MRM), but it is associated with significant postoperative pain. Regional anesthesia can reduce the stress response associated with surgical trauma. ⋯ Postoperative pain, dexmedetomidine, Pecs block, stress response, breast surgery.