Pain physician
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The extraforaminal ligaments between the L1-L5 lumbar spinal nerves and the tissues surrounding the intervertebral foramina (IVF) have been well studied. However, little research has been performed to describe the local anatomy of the entrance zones at the L1-L5 level. Detailed anatomic studies of the intraforaminal ligaments (IFLs) in the entrance zones at the L1-L5 levels have not been performed. ⋯ Clinical Anatomy, microdissection, intraforaminal ligament, the entrance zone, L1-L5 intervertebral foramen, endoscopic spinal adhesiolysis, sacral hiatus, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, dural laceration.