Pain physician
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Pain physicians have long been seen as subspecialists that commonly prescribe opioid medications, but the reality exists that primary care, oncologists, and surgical subspecialists find themselves embroiled in these clinical decisions just as frequently. It is a reasonable hope that pain physicians emerge as leaders in navigating these muddy waters, and the most important time to engrave practice standards is during clinical training. ⋯ Opioids, ACGME, pain management fellowship, guidelines, teaching.
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In Europe, limited information on the use of opioids is available. ⋯ Pain medications, opioids, nonopioids, benzodiazepines, health insurance claims data, cancer pain, noncancer pain, chronic opioid use, adverse events prevention, guideline recommendations.
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Cervical vertigo commonly concurs in patients with neck pain, but the concurrent mechanism of these 2 symptoms still remains unclear. We previously reported a bidirectional segmental nerve fiber connection between cervical spinal and sympathetic ganglia, which provided a hypothesis that this connection between the 2 ganglia may be the anatomic basis for the concurrence of neck pain and cervical vertigo. However, this concurrent mechanism needs biochemical and functional evidence. ⋯ Cervical vertigo, neck pain, cervical sympathetic ganglia, cervical spinal ganglia, noradrenaline.
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Thalamic pain is a neuropathic pain syndrome that occurs as a result of thalamic damage. It is difficult to develop therapeutic interventions for thalamic pain because its mechanism is unclear. To better understand the pathophysiological basis of thalamic pain, we developed and characterized a new rat model of thalamic pain using a technique of microinjecting cobra venom into the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus. ⋯ Thalamic pain, cobra venom, electroacupuncture, pregabalin, indented neuronal nuclei, damaged mitochondria, dissolved endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body.