Pain physician
-
Pain interventionists can interrupt pain through anesthetic blockade of neural transmission to virtually any part of the body. Temporary pain relief can be achieved by the direct application of targeted anesthetic. Diagnostically, nerve blocks help identify specific pain generators, refine differential diagnosis, and disrupt the neural transmission mechanisms to stop pain generation peripherally. ⋯ This study's results support the hypothesis that a combined interventional and cognitive motivational counseling treatment program can be effective in decreasing spine pain, reducing prescription pain medication use, and improving overall quality of life in chronic spine pain patients.
-
Primarily used for treating malignant pain, opioids are recently applied for chronic non-tumor pain. For the lack of evidence based strategies from long-term studies, opioids are discussed controversially, esp. considering cost-benefit. ⋯ While the overall expenditure of the health insurance companies increased, it remains unknown which patient is receiving a particular opioid medication. Prescribing behavior was often not consistent with common indications and contraindications.