European journal of applied physiology
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Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. · Feb 2015
First-time imaging of effects of inspired oxygen concentration on regional lung volumes and breathing pattern during hypergravity.
Aeroatelectasis can develop in aircrew flying the latest generation high-performance aircraft. Causes alleged are relative hyperoxia, increased gravity in the head-to-foot direction (+Gz), and compression of legs and stomach by anti-G trousers (AGT). We aimed to assess, in real time, the effects of hyperoxia, +Gz accelerations and AGT inflation on changes in regional lung volumes and breathing pattern evaluated in an axial plane by electrical impedance tomography (EIT). ⋯ Our findings suggest that hypergravity and AGT inflation cause airway closure and air trapping in gravity-dependent lung regions, facilitating absorption atelectasis formation, in particular during hyperoxia.
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Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. · Feb 2015
Prediction of peak oxygen uptake from ratings of perceived exertion during a sub-maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
We assessed the validity of predicting peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2 peak) from the relationship between oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2) and overall ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) obtained during the initial stages of a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). ⋯ [Formula: see text]O2 peak can be predicted with acceptable accuracy in healthy participants and patients with COPD from the individual relationship between [Formula: see text]O2 and RPE ≤ 15.
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Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. · Jan 2015
Effects of whole body heat stress on sublingual microcirculation in healthy humans.
To assess the effect of whole body heat stress on sublingual microcirculation. ⋯ Whole body heat stress increases sublingual functional capillary density, oxygen consumption, and cardiac output.
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Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. · Oct 2014
Cerebral hemodynamic characteristics of acute mountain sickness upon acute high-altitude exposure at 3,700 m in young Chinese men.
We aimed at identifying the cerebral hemodynamic characteristics of acute mountain sickness (AMS). ⋯ AMS is associated with alterations in cerebral hemodynamics in the posterior circulation rather than the anterior one, and is characterized by higher blood velocity with lower resistance. In addition, the asymmetry of VAs may be involved in AMS.
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Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. · Sep 2014
High intensity cycling before SCUBA diving reduces post-decompression microparticle production and neutrophil activation.
Venous gas emboli (VGE) have traditionally served as a marker for decompression stress after SCUBA diving and a reduction in bubble loads is a target for precondition procedures. However, VGE can be observed in large quantities with no negative clinical consequences. The effect of exercise before diving on VGE has been evaluated with mixed results. Microparticle (MP) counts and sub-type expression serve as indicators of vascular inflammation and DCS in mice. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the effect of anaerobic cycling (AC) on VGE and MP following SCUBA diving. ⋯ The repeated-Wingate protocol resulted in an attenuation of MP counts and sub-types that have been related to vascular injury and DCS-like symptoms in mice. Further studies are needed to determine if MPs represent a risk factor or marker for DCS in humans.