Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi
-
J Microbiol Immunol Infect · Apr 2015
Epidemiology and risk factors of community-onset urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a medical center in Taiwan: a prospective cohort study.
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogens have been increasingly identified in community-onset urinary tract infection (UTI). This study was conducted to determine the epidemiology and risk factors of community-onset UTI caused by ESBL-producing pathogens, and to determine the correlation of antimicrobial resistance with ESBL detected by phenotypic and genotypic methods. ⋯ In our study, nasogastric tube placement and hospitalization within the previous 3 months were significantly associated with the acquisition of ESBL-producing pathogens in community-onset UTI.
-
J Microbiol Immunol Infect · Apr 2015
Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in BCG-vaccinated healthcare workers by using an interferon-gamma release assay and the tuberculin skin test in an intermediate tuberculosis burden country.
The risk of healthcare workers (HCWs) acquiring tuberculosis (TB) infection is high. We determined the prevalence of latent TB infection (LTBI) in HCWs with a high Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine coverage in an intermediate TB burden country by using an interferon-gamma release assay [QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT-G)] and by using the tuberculin skin test (TST). Risk factors associated with a positive test were determined. ⋯ By using the QFT-G test or TST, this study found a similar prevalence of LTBI in HCWs with and without known exposure to TB. This suggests that in intermediate TB burden countries exposure to TB may occur within the hospital and within the community. Compared to the TST, the QFT-G test was correlated better with age, which is a known risk factor for latent TB infection.
-
J Microbiol Immunol Infect · Feb 2015
Clinical impact of Gram-negative nonfermenters on adults with community-onset bacteremia in the emergency department.
To determine clinical predictors and impact of Gram-negative nonfermenters (GNNFs) infections among adults with community-onset bacteremia in the emergency department (ED). ⋯ For adults with bacteremia visiting the ED, GNNF is associated with a higher mortality rate and more inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy in the ED. To allow early administration of empirical antibiotics, several clinical predictors of GNNF infections were identified.
-
J Microbiol Immunol Infect · Feb 2015
Evolution of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: an 18-year longitudinal study from a medical center in northern Taiwan.
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important cause of nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality. The carbapenemases, especially class D carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinases (CHDLs), play an important role, but the relationship between their prevalence trend and carbapenem resistance remains unclear. ⋯ Increased carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii may be caused by the increased prevalence of isolates containing the ISAba1-blaOXA-51-like allele and the transposons Tn2006 and Tn2008.
-
J Microbiol Immunol Infect · Dec 2014
Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by a newly developed dry reagent-based polymerase chain reaction assay.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen responsible for significant numbers of nosocomial and community-acquired infections worldwide. Molecular diagnosis for MRSA nasal carriers is increasingly important for rapid detection and screening of MRSA colonization because the conventional methods are time consuming and labor intensive. However, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests still require cold-chain storage as well as trained personnel, which makes them unsuitable for rapid high-throughput analysis. The aim of this study was to develop a thermostabilized PCR assay for MRSA in a ready-to-use form that requires no cold chain. ⋯ A rapid thermostabilized PCR assay that requires minimal pipetting steps and is cold chain-free was developed for detecting MRSA nasal carriers.