Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of tepoxalin on renal function and hepatic enzymes in dogs exposed to hypotension with isoflurane.
To evaluate the possible renal and hepatic toxicity of tepoxalin in dogs exposed to hypotension during isoflurane anesthesia. ⋯ Tepoxalin did not cause significant effects on renal function or cause hepatic injury in healthy dogs exposed to hypotension with isoflurane, when administered pre- or postanesthetic and continued for five consecutive days.
-
Clinical Trial
The use of electrical stimulation to guide epidural and intrathecal needle advancement at the L5 -L6 intervertebral space in dogs.
To determine the minimal electrical threshold (MET) necessary to elicit appropriate muscle contraction when the tip of an insulated needle is positioned epidurally or intrathecally at the L5-6 intervertebral space (phase-I) and to determine whether the application of a fixed electrical current during its advancement could indicate needle entry into the intrathecal space (phase-II) in dogs. ⋯ Nerve stimulation may be employed as a tool to distinguish epidural from intrathecal insulated needle position at the L5-6 intervertebral space in dogs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using an electrical stimulation test to confirm intrathecal needle position in dogs.
-
Review
Analgesia for pelvic limb surgery. A review of peripheral nerve blocks and the extradural technique.
To describe the anatomy and approaches reported for peripheral nerve blockade (PNB) of the pelvic limb in dogs and cats and to consider the role of PNB in relation to the extradural technique. ⋯ Successful PNB techniques require thorough anatomical knowledge for the establishment of reliable landmarks, puncture sites, the direction and depth of needle insertion, and relevant structures to be avoided. To date, clinical evaluations have been made in subjects undergoing stifle surgery where the sciatic nerve has been blocked in combination with various approaches to the femoral nerve. Currently the bulk of literature examines new approaches to these nerves and each of these is described. To date there are no veterinary studies directly comparing one approach versus another, and therefore one is unable to draw conclusions of superiority. The role of PNB's versus the extradural technique is discussed.
-
To develop and evaluate a method for ultrasound-guidance in performing the proximal paravertebral block for flank anaesthesia in cattle through a cadaveric study, followed by clinical application. ⋯ Further research should be conducted to improve the ultrasound-guided technique described in this study.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Tumescent local anesthesia with ropivacaine in different concentrations in bitches undergoing mastectomy: plasma concentration and post-operative analgesia.
To compare two concentrations of ropivacaine administered for tumescent local anesthesia (TLA) in dogs undergoing mastectomy. ⋯ Tumescent local anesthesia with ropivacaine provided satisfactory post-operative analgesia that lasted for several hours, with no difference in duration between the concentrations. No serious side effects were attributed to TLA. Results indicated that 0.05% ropivacaine provided adequate analgesia for mastectomy, however, more studies are required to support this conclusion.