Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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To evaluate the regional distribution of ventilation in horses during spontaneous breathing and controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) using electrical impedance tomography (EIT). ⋯ In spontaneously breathing anaesthetized horses in dorsal recumbency, ventilation was essentially centred within the dependent dorsal lung regions and moved towards non-dependent ventral regions as soon as CMV was started. This shows a major lack of ventilation in the dependent lung, which may be indicative of atelectasis.
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Comparative Study
Electrical velocimetry for noninvasive cardiac output and stroke volume variation measurements in dogs undergoing cardiovascular surgery.
To compare electrical velocimetry (EV) noninvasive measures of cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume variation (SVV) in dogs undergoing cardiovascular surgery with those obtained with the conventional thermodilution technique using a pulmonary artery catheter. ⋯ In dogs undergoing cardiovascular surgery, EV provided accurate CO measurements compared with CIPAC, although its trending ability was poor. Further, SVV by EV, but not CVP, reliably predicted fluid responsiveness during mechanical ventilation in dogs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) decreases pulmonary shunt in anaesthetized horses.
To evaluate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on intrapulmonary shunt, cardiac output and oxygen delivery in horses subjected to a 6 hour period of general anaesthesia. ⋯ CPAP of 8 cmH2 O can be used in dorsally recumbent horses to decrease pulmonary shunt fraction without causing a decrease in cardiac output during longterm anaesthesia.
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To evaluate perfusion index (PI) as a determinant of regional nerve block success following sciatic nerve blockade with bupivacaine in dogs undergoing stifle surgery. ⋯ The PI provided a reliable indication of successful sciatic nerve blockade in the clinical patients in this study. No increase in the PI by 15 minutes after bupivacaine administration around the sciatic nerve could indicate partial or total failure of anesthetic blockade.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of orally administered enalapril on blood pressure and hemodynamic response to vasopressors during isoflurane anesthesia in healthy dogs.
To examine whether preanesthetic administration of enalapril, compared with placebo, results in a greater decline in blood pressure (BP) or decreased responsiveness of BP to isotonic fluids or vasopressors in healthy dogs during isoflurane anesthesia. ⋯ Dogs receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the day of anesthesia may exhibit clinically significant intra-anesthetic hypotension.