Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of isoflurane and propofol for maintenance of anesthesia in dogs with intracranial disease undergoing magnetic resonance imaging.
To compare isoflurane and propofol for maintenance of anesthesia and quality of recovery in client-owned dogs with intracranial disease undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ⋯ Propofol anesthesia offered cardiovascular and recovery advantages over isoflurane during MRI in dogs with intracranial disease in this study.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Evaluation of serial venous and arterial lactate concentrations in healthy anesthetized sheep undergoing ovariectomy.
To determine if lactate concentrations in jugular venous and auricular arterial blood differ in anesthetized sheep. ⋯ Lactate concentrations were significantly lower in anesthetized sheep compared to non-anesthetized sheep. Lactate concentrations in venous blood were higher than in arterial blood. Therefore, anesthetic status and sampling site should be considered when interpreting lactate concentrations, and the sampling site should be consistent for repeated measurements.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of tepoxalin on renal function and hepatic enzymes in dogs exposed to hypotension with isoflurane.
To evaluate the possible renal and hepatic toxicity of tepoxalin in dogs exposed to hypotension during isoflurane anesthesia. ⋯ Tepoxalin did not cause significant effects on renal function or cause hepatic injury in healthy dogs exposed to hypotension with isoflurane, when administered pre- or postanesthetic and continued for five consecutive days.
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Review
Analgesia for pelvic limb surgery. A review of peripheral nerve blocks and the extradural technique.
To describe the anatomy and approaches reported for peripheral nerve blockade (PNB) of the pelvic limb in dogs and cats and to consider the role of PNB in relation to the extradural technique. ⋯ Successful PNB techniques require thorough anatomical knowledge for the establishment of reliable landmarks, puncture sites, the direction and depth of needle insertion, and relevant structures to be avoided. To date, clinical evaluations have been made in subjects undergoing stifle surgery where the sciatic nerve has been blocked in combination with various approaches to the femoral nerve. Currently the bulk of literature examines new approaches to these nerves and each of these is described. To date there are no veterinary studies directly comparing one approach versus another, and therefore one is unable to draw conclusions of superiority. The role of PNB's versus the extradural technique is discussed.
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Clinical Trial
The use of electrical stimulation to guide epidural and intrathecal needle advancement at the L5 -L6 intervertebral space in dogs.
To determine the minimal electrical threshold (MET) necessary to elicit appropriate muscle contraction when the tip of an insulated needle is positioned epidurally or intrathecally at the L5-6 intervertebral space (phase-I) and to determine whether the application of a fixed electrical current during its advancement could indicate needle entry into the intrathecal space (phase-II) in dogs. ⋯ Nerve stimulation may be employed as a tool to distinguish epidural from intrathecal insulated needle position at the L5-6 intervertebral space in dogs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using an electrical stimulation test to confirm intrathecal needle position in dogs.