Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of medetomidine on the action of vecuronium in dogs anaesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide.
To quantify the effects of medetomidine on the onset and duration of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in dogs. ⋯ Medetomidine 5 microg kg(-1) as pre-anaesthetic medication shortened the duration of effect of vecuronium in halothane-anaesthetized dogs and accelerated recovery, but did not affect the onset time. These changes are of limited clinical significance.
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To study, the analgesic and sedative effects of different constant rate infusions (CRI) of dexmedetomidine, in the rat, by measurement of specific electroencephalographic parameters. The recorded parameters were somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs), which have been shown to be related to analgesia and sedation respectively. ⋯ A constant rate infusion of dexmedetomidine can be a valuable adjunct in the provision of sedation and/or analgesia. However, analgesia cannot be produced without sedation, and sedation is not necessarily accompanied by comparative degrees of analgesia.
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To evaluate the criteria for the insertion and correct placement of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in dogs. Study design Prospective descriptive clinical study. Animals Thirty healthy dogs (ASA I or II) of different breeds, age 0.33-7.0 years (2.8 +/- 2.1; mean +/- SD), weight 2.2-59.0 kg (23.9 +/- 14.4), anaesthetized for elective surgery. ⋯ The technique for the insertion of the LMA using predefined criteria to evaluate a correct positioning and a seal led to a successful placement in dogs of both brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic breeds. The LMA, in most of the dogs, was easily placed, well tolerated and offered a useful less invasive means of securing the upper airway.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Distribution of a lidocaine-methylene blue solution staining in brachial plexus, lumbar plexus and sciatic nerve blocks in the dog.
To determine the influence on the distribution of the volume of a local anaesthetic-methylene blue solution at three different nerve block sites in the dog. ⋯ Volumes of 0.3 and 0.05 mL kg(-1) produced sufficient distribution for performing brachial plexus, and sciatic nerve blocks, respectively. Additionally, a volume of 0.4 mL kg(-1) might also be adequate for a lumbar plexus block (no statistical significance was reached).
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Propofol versus thiopental: effects on peri-induction intraocular pressures in normal dogs.
To determine the effects of propofol or thiopental induction on intraocular pressures (IOP) in normal dogs. ⋯ There were no significant differences between groups with regard to weight, body condition score, breed group, or baseline or before-induction IOP, arterial blood pressure, or blood gases. The baseline IOP was 12.9 mmHg. Before endotracheal intubation, IOP was significantly higher compared to baseline and before induction in dogs receiving propofol. After intubation with propofol, IOP was significantly higher compared to thiopental and was significantly higher compared to before induction. After intubation, IOP was significantly lower compared to before intubation in dogs receiving thiopental. Propofol increased IOP before intubation by 26% over the before-induction score and thiopental increased IOP by 6% at the same interval. The IOP in group P remained 24% over the before induction score whereas thiopental ultimately decreased IOP 9% below baseline after intubation. There was no significant relationship between any cardiovascular or blood gas parameter and IOP at any time. There was no significant relationship between the changes in any cardiovascular or blood gas parameter and the changes in IOP between time points. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Propofol caused a significant increase in IOP compared to baseline and thiopental. Thiopental caused an insignificant increase in IOP which decreased after intubation. Propofol should be avoided when possible in induction of anesthesia in animals where a moderate increase in IOP could be harmful.