Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion for 24 hours during and after propofol or isoflurane anaesthesia in dogs.
To evaluate cardiovascular and respiratory effects and pharmacokinetics of a 24-hour intravenous constant rate infusion (CRI) of dexmedetomidine (DMED) during and after propofol (PRO) or isoflurane (ISO) anaesthesia in dogs. ⋯ Vasopressor effects and the decrease in heart rate (HR) and cardiac index induced by DMED were greater for PRO than ISO, but were within clinically acceptable ranges. Adequate oxygenation was maintained above the critical O(2) delivery level. The overall incidence of unfavourable arrhythmias was low and tended to vary inversely with HR. Mean DMED plasma concentration ranged from 0.23 to 0.47 ng mL(-1) for both groups during the 24-hour CRI with a mean elimination half-life of approximately 0.46 hour. CONCLUSION AND/CLINICAL RELEVANCE: DMED CRI resulted in typical alpha(2)-agonist induced haemodynamic changes with minimal respiratory effects, and appeared to be an efficacious adjunct during and after PRO or ISO anaesthesia in healthy dogs.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of arterial and central venous cannulations using ultrasound guidance in pigs.
To evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound guided vascular access in pigs by comparing central venous and arterial cannulation techniques. ⋯ In anaesthetized pigs undergoing instrumentation for biomedical research, ultrasound-guided vascular access is a simple and rapid alternative to surgical cut-down. In veterinary anaesthesia, the technique might be useful in sedated or anesthetized pigs in which arterial or central venous access is required.
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Tidal expiratory flow limitation (EFL) has been reported in humans with acute lung injury (ALI) and assumed to be associated with small airway closure. Detection of EFL is important because by selecting positive end-expiratory pressure at such a level that EFL is no longer present in the tidal breath, the repeated opening and closure of small airways can be prevented. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of EFL in two experimental models of ALI. ⋯ Tidal EFL was not detected in experimental ALI. This finding casts some doubt about the usefulness of some experimental models of ALI to mimic some reported findings in human ALI.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of medetomidine on radial nerve blockade with mepivacaine in dogs.
To compare the sensory and motor effects of adding medetomidine to mepivicaine, administered either perineurally or systemically, for radial nerve block in dogs. ⋯ Medetomidine may prove to be a useful adjunct to peripheral nerve blockade with local anesthetics.
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To investigate the anatomy of the brachial plexus, sciatic, and femoral nerves for the use of a peripheral nerve-stimulator to perform nerve blocks in dogs. ⋯ Peripheral nerve stimulation increases the reliability of a nerve block when compared with blind needle-insertion.