Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) based on pulse pressure variation (PPV) was used in anaesthetized dogs undergoing abdominal surgeries. The aims were 1) to evaluate the success rate of the PPV ≥13% in detecting fluid responsiveness [delta stroke volume (ΔSV) ≥10%]; 2) to assess the correlation between PPV, systolic pressure variation (SPV), Plethysmograph Variability Index (PVI) and central venous pressure (CVP) and 3) to establish the threshold value for the PVI that would predict a PPV value of ≥13% and indirectly discriminate responders from nonresponders to fluid therapy. ⋯ PPV is a useful clinical tool to detect occult hypovolaemia and predict cardiovascular response to fluid challenge. Use of PPV is recommended as a part of GDFT in dogs undergoing abdominal procedures.
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To examine the accuracy of plethysmography variability index (PVI) as a noninvasive indicator of fluid responsiveness in hypovolaemic dogs. ⋯ Noninvasive measurement of PVI predicted fluid responsiveness with moderate accuracy equal to PPV in sevoflurane-anaesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs. Provisional threshold values for identification of fluid responsiveness were PPV ≥ 16% and PVI ≥ 12%. Clinical trials are needed to confirm these threshold values in dogs.
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To evaluate skin temperature increase as an early predictive measure for evaluating epidural and femoral-sciatic block success in dogs. ⋯ Contrary to reports in humans, thermography did not indicate regional block success prior to surgery in dogs. However further studies under more controlled conditions are needed to determine whether thermography can be used to indicate failure of regional blockade.
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To evaluate the ability of pulse wave transit time (PWTT) to detect changes in stroke volume (SV) and to estimate cardiac output (CO) compared with the thermodilution technique in isoflurane-anaesthetized dogs. ⋯ In isoflurane-anaesthetized dogs, PWTT showed a good trending ability to detect 15% changes in SV. This technique is easy to use, inexpensive, non-invasive and could become routine anaesthetic monitoring. However, the agreement between absolute esCO and TDCO was unacceptable.
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The effect of user experience and inflation technique on endotracheal tube cuff pressure using a feline airway simulator. ⋯ When using palpation and MOV for cuff inflation operators rarely achieved optimal intracuff pressures. Experience had no effect on this skill and, as such, a cuff manometer is recommended.