The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2018
Multicenter StudyQuizartinib, an FLT3 inhibitor, as monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia: an open-label, multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial.
Old age and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia are associated with early relapse and poor survival. Quizartinib is an oral, highly potent, and selective next-generation FLT3 inhibitor with clinical antileukaemic activity in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of single-agent quizartinib in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia. ⋯ Ambit Biosciences/Daiichi Sankyo.
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2018
Multicenter StudyDetection of residual disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer (preSANO): a prospective multicentre, diagnostic cohort study.
After neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer, roughly half of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma and a quarter of those with adenocarcinoma have a pathological complete response of the primary tumour before surgery. Thus, the necessity of standard oesophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy should be reconsidered for patients who respond sufficiently to neoadjuvant treatment. In this study, we aimed to establish the accuracy of detection of residual disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with different diagnostic approaches, and the optimal combination of diagnostic techniques for clinical response evaluations. ⋯ Dutch Cancer Society.
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2018
Review Comparative StudyLung transplantation for non-small cell lung cancer and multifocal bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma.
Lung transplantation for primary bronchogenic cancer could lead to increased survival and improved quality of life for patients who have malignant disease, for which other therapies might be inappropriate. This Review examines the development of experience and outcomes for this indication and explores the limitations that are inherent in lung transplantation for malignant disease. Bronchogenic malignancy is a rare indication for lung transplantation constituting only 0·13% of all lung transplants in the USA from 1987 to 2010 and is only indicated for early-stage disease when conventional surgical techniques are contraindicated by poor lung function in which an unacceptably high risk of short-term mortality is expected. ⋯ The rarity of lung transplantation for cancer, and the absence of head-to-head trials comparing lung transplantation with conventional cancer care, limit the conclusions that can be drawn about lung transplantation for this indication. Furthermore, the ethical balance of how to allocate a scarce resource, such as a donor lung, remains an unresolved dilemma given the uncertainties regarding long-term survival. Conversely, individual patients might have substantial increases in survival and quality of life equivalent or superior to conventional cancer treatment methods.
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Annually, 100 million people experience homelessness worldwide. Most adults that are struggling with homelessness are living to age 50 years or older and need age-appropriate screening for cancer. ⋯ This Review explores cancer-related health disparities between homeless people and the general population by providing a review of data and definitions relating to homelessness, an analysis of barriers to screening in this population, and a discussion of the current and potential interventions and strategies to improve cancer screening in homeless individuals. Recommendations include implementing appropriate data collection methods for this population, supporting cancer screening in places where homeless people usually access care, assessing the effectiveness of approaches to increasing cancer screening in homeless people, and addressing adequate housing as a fundamental social factor.