The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2025
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyDe-escalated neoadjuvant weekly nab-paclitaxel with trastuzumab and pertuzumab versus docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer (HELEN-006): a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial.
A previous phase 2 trial showed promising outcomes for patients with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer using neoadjuvant de-escalation chemotherapy with paclitaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of weekly nab-paclitaxel compared with the standard regimen of docetaxel plus carboplatin, both with trastuzumab and pertuzumab, as neoadjuvant therapies for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. ⋯ For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Technological innovations in genomics and related fields have facilitated large sequencing efforts, supported new biological discoveries in cancer, and spawned an era of liquid biopsy biomarkers. Despite these advances, precision oncology has practical constraints, partly related to cancer's biological diversity and spatial and temporal complexity. ⋯ We discuss key areas of advanced imaging for improving cancer outcomes and survival. Finally, we discuss practical challenges to the broader adoption of precision imaging in the clinic and the need for a robust translational infrastructure.
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2025
ReviewPulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms: the molecular landscape, therapeutic challenges, and diagnosis and management strategies.
Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms are a group of diverse, heterogeneous tumours that range from well-differentiated, low-grade neuroendocrine tumours-such as typical and atypical carcinoids-to high-grade, poorly differentiated aggressive malignancies, such as large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). While the incidence of SCLC has decreased, the worldwide incidence of other pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms has been increasing over the past decades. In addition to the standard histopathological classification of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms, the introduction of molecular and sequencing techniques has led to new advances in understanding the biology of these diseases and might influence future classifications and staging that can subsequently improve management guidelines in the adjuvant or metastatic settings. ⋯ This Review explores the epidemiology, diagnosis, and staging of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms to date. In addition, we focus on the evolving molecular landscape and biomarkers, ranging from tumour phenotypes to functional imaging studies and novel molecular biomarkers. We outline the various clinical outcomes, challenges, the treatment landscape, ongoing clinical trials, and future directions.
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2025
Multicenter StudyBelzutifan plus cabozantinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (LITESPARK-003): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study.
Belzutifan, a first-in-class HIF-2α inhibitor, has shown antitumour activity as monotherapy and in combination with cabozantinib in patients with previously treated advanced kidney cancer. The phase 2 LITESPARK-003 study was designed to determine the antitumour activity and safety of belzutifan in combination with cabozantinib in patients with advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma that was previously untreated (cohort 1) or previously treated with immunotherapy (cohort 2). Here, we report results from cohort 1 of this clinical trial. ⋯ Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co, Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA, and the National Cancer Institute.
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2025
Multicenter StudyBrain radiotherapy combined with camrelizumab and platinum-doublet chemotherapy for previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastases (C-Brain): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial.
Brain metastases are a common complication in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lacking actionable driver mutations, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of brain radiotherapy combined with camrelizumab and platinum-doublet chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC and brain metastases. ⋯ For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.