The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2023
Meta AnalysisTreatment-related mortality in children with cancer in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Approximately 90% of children with cancer live in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 5-year survival is lower than 20%. Treatment-related mortality in high-income countries is approximately 3-5%; however, in LMICs, treatment-related mortality has been reported in up to 45% of children with cancer. This study aimed to systematically explore the burden of treatment-related mortality in children with cancer in LMICs and to explore the association between country income level and treatment-related mortality. ⋯ American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities and National Cancer Institute.
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2023
Combined cytotoxic and immune-stimulatory gene therapy for primary adult high-grade glioma: a phase 1, first-in-human trial.
High-grade gliomas have a poor prognosis and do not respond well to treatment. Effective cancer immune responses depend on functional immune cells, which are typically absent from the brain. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and activity of two adenoviral vectors expressing HSV1-TK (Ad-hCMV-TK) and Flt3L (Ad-hCMV-Flt3L) in patients with high-grade glioma. ⋯ Funded in part by Phase One Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, The Board of Governors at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, and The Rogel Cancer Center at The University of Michigan.
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2023
ReviewRadiotherapy resources in Latin America and the Caribbean: a review of current and projected needs based on International Atomic Energy Agency data.
The inequitable access to radiotherapy globally is a complex undertaking that will require sustained work identifying gaps and mobilising efforts to resolve. The purpose of this review is to identify gaps and needs in radiotherapy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Data from 41 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean on teletherapy megavoltage units and brachytherapy resources were extracted from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Directory of Radiotherapy Centers. ⋯ There is inequitable distribution of brachytherapy resources across the region primarily in the Caribbean. Adoption of hypofractionation can help overcome machine shortage; however, it will present technical challenges that need to be taken into account. Rays of Hope, is a novel IAEA initiative that is designed to mobilise global efforts to address radiotherapy gaps while ensuring the highest return on investment.
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2023
Randomized Controlled TrialTumor Treating Fields therapy with standard systemic therapy versus standard systemic therapy alone in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer following progression on or after platinum-based therapy (LUNAR): a randomised, open-label, pivotal phase 3 study.
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are electric fields that disrupt processes critical for cancer cell survival, leading to immunogenic cell death and enhanced antitumour immune response. In preclinical models of non-small-cell lung cancer, TTFields amplified the effects of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. We report primary results from a pivotal study of TTFields therapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. ⋯ Novocure.
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2023
Randomized Controlled TrialNeoadjuvant palbociclib plus either giredestrant or anastrozole in oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, early breast cancer (coopERA Breast Cancer): an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 study.
The development of more potent selective oestrogen receptor antagonists and degraders (SERDs) that can be orally administered could help to address the limitations of current endocrine therapies. We report the primary and final analyses of the coopERA Breast Cancer study, designed to test whether giredestrant, a highly potent, non-steroidal, oral SERD, would show a stronger anti-proliferative effect than anastrozole after 2 weeks for oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, untreated early breast cancer. ⋯ F Hoffmann-La Roche.