The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · May 2018
Review Practice GuidelineCombining precision radiotherapy with molecular targeting and immunomodulatory agents: a guideline by the American Society for Radiation Oncology.
The practice of radiation oncology is primarily based on precise technical delivery of highly conformal, image-guided external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy. However, systematic research efforts are being made to facilitate individualised radiation dose prescriptions on the basis of gene-expressssion profiles that reflect the radiosensitivity of tumour and normal tissue. ⋯ With the increasing technical power of radiotherapy to safely increase local tumour control for many solid tumours, it is an opportune time to rigorously explore the potential benefits of combining radiotherapy with molecular targeted agents and immunotherapies to increase cancer survival outcomes. This theme provides the basis and foundation for this American Society for Radiation Oncology guideline on combining radiotherapy with molecular targeting and immunotherapy agents.
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The lancet oncology · May 2018
Multicenter StudyALT-803, an IL-15 superagonist, in combination with nivolumab in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b trial.
Immunotherapy with PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade fails to induce a response in about 80% of patients with unselected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and many of those who do initially respond then develop resistance to treatment. Agonists that target the shared interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15Rβγ pathway have induced complete and durable responses in some cancers, but no studies have been done to assess the safety or efficacy of these agonists in combination with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. We aimed to define the safety, tolerability, and activity of this drug combination in patients with NSCLC. ⋯ Altor BioScience (a NantWorks company), National Institutes of Health, and Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center.
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The lancet oncology · May 2018
Multicenter StudyNilotinib in locally advanced pigmented villonodular synovitis: a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial.
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (alternatively known as diffuse-type giant cell tumour) is a rare, locally aggressive tumour driven by a specific translocation resulting in the overexpression of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1). CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitors (ie, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibodies) induce a response in patients with pigmented villonodular synovitis. We investigated the safety and efficacy of a CSF1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor, nilotinib, in patients with locally advanced non-resectable pigmented villonodular synovitis. ⋯ Novartis, Institut National du Cancer, EuroSARC, French National Cancer Institute, General Directorate of Care Supply, Lyon Research Innovation for Cancer, L'Agence nationale de la recherche, Laboratory of Excellence, Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Ligue contre le Cancer (comité de l'Ain), Info Sarcomes, and Association DAM'S.