International maritime health
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The system of medical support in the territory of military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan is based on four levels of medical treatment. Level 4 is organized outside the war theatre, in the territories of the countries that are a part of the stabilization forces of international organizations (NATO). Both the tasks and the structure of medical support are adjusted to fit the requirements of the U. ⋯ Each subsequent level of medical support is progressively more highly specialized and capable of providing more advanced medical treatment in comparison to the preceding level. Medical evacuation is executed either by air or overland depending on the type of illness or injury as well as the tactical situation prevailing in the combat zone. The aim of this paper is to present the planning, challenges, and problems of medical assistance in the contemporary battlefield.
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Shift work is associated with sleep and health problems. Tolerance to shift work is reported to decrease with age. Shift work tolerance should be considered in different shift work populations. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between age, shift work exposure, shift type, and morningness and sleep/health problems in oil rig shift workers. ⋯ Older workers may tolerate shift work well. Age, shift work exposure time, and shift type seemed not to affect shift work tolerance in this population. However, this may be due to a healthy worker effect and/or selection bias.
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Air ambulance operations in the Arctic have to deal with remote locations, long distances, rough weather conditions, seasonable darkness, and almost no alternative for landing. Despite these challenges, people expect high quality, specialist health care. ⋯ Air ambulance operations in the Arctic experience significant challenges. In the near future more shipping and polar adventure operations together with new oil and gas installations will increase the demand for health care support. Telemedical installations onboard vessels and rigs will be important for remote consultation and treatment.
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Review
"SAR-First-Responder Sea" - backgrounds to a medical education concept in German SAR service.
We present backgrounds to a medical education concept for the full-time rescue men on the vessels of the German Maritime Search and Rescue Service (DGzRS, English: GSRS). In contrast to land-bound emergency services, the daily work spectrum of the GSRS rescue men is mainly characterised by technical assistance for sea-going ships, and searching procedures but not medical emergencies. Nevertheless, severe medical exigencies might occur aboard sea-going ships, with immediate need of professional medical treatment. Thus, a professional medical training course adapted to the needs and costs of maritime search and rescue procedures at German Coasts was set up and has now been unveiled.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of alertness levels in ship crew. An experiment on rotating versus fixed watch schedules.
A short pilot study was conducted during a shipboard training deployment to compare alertness levels in the same crew members while working a fixed watch schedule, and then a rotating watch schedule. Alertness levels were assessed before and after each duty watch using measurements of oculomotor function (Fitness Impairment Tester). Saccadic velocity was shown to have the greatest correlation with duration of sleep deprivation and was significantly slower (indicating decreased alertness) in the crew working the rotating watch schedule than the crew working the fixed watch schedule. This pilot study corroborates previous studies' recommendations that fixed watch schedules allow better acclimatization of sleep patterns, thus minimizing fatigue and increasing operational alertness.