National Toxicology Program technical report series
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Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Sep 1993
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Coumarin (CAS No. 91-64-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).
Coumarin is the basic structure of numerous naturally occurring compounds with important and diverse physiological activities. More than a thousand coumarin derivatives have been described, varying from simple coumarins containing alkyl and hydroxyl side chains to complex coumarins with benzoyl, furanoyl, pyranoyl, or alkylphosphorothionyl substituents. Coumarin and 3,4-dihydrocoumarin were nominated by the Food and Drug Administration and the National Cancer Institute for study because of the widespread use of coumarin in perfumes, cosmetics, and other products as a fragrance, continued interest in coumarin compounds as flavor-enhancing agents for foods, and the interest in structure-activity relationships of this important group of compounds. ⋯ The administration of coumarin to rats was also associated with an increased severity of nephropathy in the kidney and of bile duct hyperplasia in the liver, increased incidences of ulcers of the forestomach, and necrosis, fibrosis, and cytologic alteration of the liver. Administration of coumarin to mice was also associated with centrilobular hypertrophy, syncytial alteration, and eosinophilic focus in the liver. Synonyms: 5,6-benzo-alpha-pyrone, 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, 2H-benzolblpyran-2-one, 1,2-oxo-1,2-benzopyran, 1,2-benzopyrone, cis-o-coumarinic acid lactone, coumarinic anhydride, cumarin, o-hydroxycinnamic acid lactone, kumarin, [2-propenoic acid, 3-(-2-hydroxyphenyl)-delta-lactone], Rattex, tonka bean camphor
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Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Sep 1993
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Talc (CAS No. 14807-96-6)(Non-Asbestiform) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).
Talc ore may contain several other minerals including calcite, dolomite, magnesite, tremolite, anthophyllite, antigorite, quartz, pyrophyllite, micas, or chlorites. Talc products are sold in a multitude of grades which have physical or functional characteristics especially suited for particular applications, so occupational and consumer exposures to talc are complex. Epidemiology studies have suggested an association between non-fibrous talc and lung cancer risk. ⋯ These lesions were accompanied by impaired pulmonary function characterized primarily by reduced lung volumes, reduced dynamic and/or quasistatic lung compliance, reduced gas exchange efficiency, and nonuniform intrapulmonary gas distribution. In mice, inhalation exposure to talc produced chronic inflammation of the lung with the accumulation of alveolar macrophages. Synonyms: talcum; agalite; emtal 596; non-asbestiform talc; non-fibrous talc; steatite; hydrous magnesium silicate
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Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Aug 1993
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Oxazepam (CAS No. 604-75-1) in Swiss-Webster and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).
Oxazepam is one of a number of benzodiazepines used therapeutically as a sedative-hypnotic and antianxiety agent. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies were performed by administering oxazepam (greater than 99% pure) in feed to male and female Swiss-Webster and B6C3F1 mice for 14 weeks, 57 weeks (Swiss-Webster), or 2 years (B6C3F1). Neurobehavioral assessments were performed during the studies. ⋯ Administration of oxazepam to Swiss-Webster mice resulted in centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy and increased incidences and severity of systemic amyloidosis. Administration of oxazepam to B6C3F1 mice also resulted in centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy. Synonyms: 7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2 H - 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one Trade Names: Tazepam, Wy-3498, Serax
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Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Aug 1993
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (CAS No. 96-18-4) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a colorless liquid used as a paint and varnish remover, solvent, and degreasing agent, and as a crosslinking agent in the synthesis of polysulfides and hexafluoropropylene. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane may be found as an impurity in certain nematocides and soil fumigants and as a contaminant of drinking and ground water. Studies on the toxic and carcinogenic effects of 1,2,3-trichloropropane were initiated because of the close structural relationship of this chemical to other short-chain halogenated compounds that were demonstrated to be carcinogenic in experimental animals, and because of the potential for human exposure. Toxicology and carcinogenicity studies were conducted by administering 1,2,3-trichloropropane (greater than 99% pure) in corn oil by gavage to groups of F344/N rats and B6C3FI mice for 17 weeks and 2 years. ⋯ Nonneoplastic lesions associated with exposure to 1,2,3-trichloropropane included increased severity of nephropathy in male rats and increased incidences of basal cell and squamous hyperplasia of the forestomach, acinar hyperplasia of the pancreas, renal tubule hyperplasia, and preputial or clitoral gland hyperplasia in male and female rats. Increased incidences of squamous hyperplasia of the forestomach and eosinophilic foci in the liver in male and female mice were chemical related. Synonyms: Allyl trichloride, glycerol tnchlorohydrin, glyceryl tnchlorohydrin, trichlorohydrin
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Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Aug 1993
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Turmeric Oleoresin (CAS No. 8024-37-1) (Major Component 79%-85% Curcumin, CAS No. 458-37-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).
Turmeric oleoresin is the organic extract of turmeric, a ground powder from the root of the Curcuma plant, and is added to food items as a spice and coloring agent. Turmeric oleoresin, turmeric, and curcumin (the major component found in turmeric) were nominated by the National Cancer Institute and the Food and Drug Administration for study because these chemicals are used in food items and curry powders, and there was little information on their toxic or carcinogenic properties. Pure curcumin was not available in sufficient quantities for study, and a turmeric oleoresin with a high curcumin content (79% to 85%) was selected for evaluation. ⋯ I. Natural Yellow 3; C. I. 75300; Curcuma; diferuloylmethane; E 100; Haidr; Halad; Haldar; Halud; HSDB 4334; Indian Saffron; kacha haldi; Kurkumin; merita earth; Souchet; Turmeric Yellow; yellow ginger; yellow root; Yo-kin; Zlut Prirodni 3; NCI-C613253