Cancer medicine
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Natural Killer T-Cell Lymphoma (NKTCL) is a subtype of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, and its morbidity is ranked the first of T-Cell Lymphoma. Hippo signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of tumors. However, the role of Hippo signaling pathway in the oncogenesis of NKTCL still remains unclear. ⋯ The activation of Hippo signal pathway via overexpressing MST1 or down-regulating YAP can inhibit the tumorigenesis of NKTCL.
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The Philadelphia chromosome is associated with a poor prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). While hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been regarded as a favorable treatment option in adult Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) ALL, its benefit is less clear in the era of newer generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like dasatinib. ⋯ While HSCT has historically led to a survival advantage in Ph+ ALL, the results of our study demonstrate that it may have a less beneficial role in the era of newer generation TKIs such as dasatinib.
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Although oncogenic driver mutations were thought to be mutually exclusive in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), certain tumors harbor co-occurring mutations and represent a rare molecular subtype. The evaluation of the clinical features and therapeutic response associated with this NSCLC subtype will be vital for understanding the heterogeneity of treatment response and improving the management of these patients. ⋯ In this study, concomitant mutations were found in 1.7% of the NSCLC. EGFR-TKI therapy was more effective than chemotherapy for patients harboring EGFR concomitant mutation, and ROS1 concomitant mutations were more frequent in male patients. For patients harboring coalterations with an ALK or ROS1 rearrangement, we should be cautious when considering the therapeutic options.
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Meta Analysis
Risk of immune-related pneumonitis for PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Immune-related pneumonitis is a clinically relevant and potentially life-threatening adverse event. We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the risk of immune-related pneumonitis among different PD1/PD-L1 inhibitor-related therapeutic regimens. ⋯ This study demonstrates that compared with chemotherapy, PD-1 inhibitor may result in a higher risk of immune-related pneumonitis. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy had the highest pneumonitis risk. These findings could be taken into account by the physicians in decision making.
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Comparative Study
Digital PCR improves the quantitation of DMR and the selection of CML candidates to TKIs discontinuation.
Treatment-free remission (TFR) by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) discontinuation in patients with deep molecular response (DMR) is a paramount goal in the current chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapeutic strategy. The best DMR level by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for TKI discontinuation is still a matter of debate. To compare the accuracy of digital PCR (dPCR) and RT-qPCR for BCR-ABL1 transcript levels detection, 142 CML patients were monitored for a median time of 24 months. ⋯ On the contrary, according to dPCR, 12/25 (48%) patients with BCR-ABL1 values ≥0.468 and 12/86 (14%) patients with BCR-ABL1 values <0.468 lost DMR in this cohort, respectively (P = 0.0003). Treatment-free remission of patients who discontinued TKI with a dPCR <0.468 was significantly higher compared to patients with dPCR ≥ 0.468 (TFR at 2 years 83% vs 52% P = 0.0017, respectively). In conclusion, dPCR resulted in an improved recognition of stable DMR and of candidates to TKI discontinuation.