Heart, lung & circulation
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Heart, lung & circulation · Jun 2015
ReviewShould Cerebral Near-infrared Spectroscopy be Standard of Care in Adult Cardiac Surgery?
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is non-invasive, easy to use, and offers real-time monitoring of the oxygen content of cerebral tissue. An effective and user-friendly method of cerebral monitoring stands to offer a significant advance in patient care during adult cardiac surgery, particularly for surgery in which the continuity of cerebral vessels may be compromised. While the current evidence does not definitively show improvement in neurological outcomes, it can be argued that the overall risk to benefit ratio falls on the side of NIRS. ⋯ This review will summarise the need for neuromonitoring and the principles of NIRS. It will examine the thresholds used to define desaturation, the evidence for clinical benefit from NIRS, and the criticisms and limitations of NIRS. It will also discuss the uses of NIRS beyond improving neurological outcomes alone.
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Pericardiocentesis is an important diagnostic and therapeutic technique, with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality if performed incorrectly. This article attempts to cover the anatomy, preparation, and techniques necessary to successfully perform pericardiocentesis.
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Heart, lung & circulation · May 2015
Review Comparative StudyNarrative review comparing the benefits of and participation in cardiac rehabilitation in high-, middle- and low-income countries.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive secondary prevention approach, with established benefits in reducing morbidity in high-income countries (HICs). The objectives of this review were to summarise what is known about the benefits of CR, including consideration of cost-effectiveness, in addition to rates of CR participation and adherence in high-, as well as low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). ⋯ CR is a beneficial intervention for heart patients in high and LMICs, but is underutilised with low participation and adherence rates worldwide. While more research is needed in LMICs, strategies shown to increase participation and program adherence should be implemented.
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Heart, lung & circulation · Feb 2015
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyDual versus single antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Although dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel and aspirin is a widely accepted strategy in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), this approach is not evidence based. We therefore sought to systematically review the current evidence for this practice in terms of 30-day outcome looking at stroke, MI, bleeding, and death. ⋯ Our meta-analysis suggests that at 30 days following TAVR there is no difference between post-procedural SAPT versus DAPT for the risk of stroke or MI and DAPT may have a higher bleeding risk. Adequately powered RCTs are warranted to clarify the optimal antiplatelet treatment strategy following TAVR.
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Heart, lung & circulation · Feb 2015
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyDual versus single antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Although dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel and aspirin is a widely accepted strategy in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), this approach is not evidence based. We therefore sought to systematically review the current evidence for this practice in terms of 30-day outcome looking at stroke, MI, bleeding, and death. ⋯ Our meta-analysis suggests that at 30 days following TAVR there is no difference between post-procedural SAPT versus DAPT for the risk of stroke or MI and DAPT may have a higher bleeding risk. Adequately powered RCTs are warranted to clarify the optimal antiplatelet treatment strategy following TAVR.