Experimental biology and medicine
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Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) · May 2019
ReviewPhysiological comparison of hemorrhagic shock and V ˙ O2max: A conceptual framework for defining the limitation of oxygen delivery.
Disturbance of normal homeostasis occurs when oxygen delivery and energy stores to the body's tissues fail to meet the energy requirement of cells. The work submitted in this review is important because it advances the understanding of inadequate oxygen delivery as it relates to early diagnosis and treatment of circulatory shock and its relationship to disturbance of normal functioning of cellular metabolism in life-threatening conditions of hemorrhage. We explored data from the clinical and exercise literature to construct for the first time a conceptual framework for defining the limitation of inadequate delivery of oxygen by comparing the physiology of hemorrhagic shock caused by severe blood loss to maximal oxygen uptake induced by intense physical exercise. We also provide a translational framework in which understanding the fundamental relationship between the body's reserve to compensate for conditions of inadequate oxygen delivery as a limiting factor to V ˙ O2max helps to re-evaluate paradigms of triage for improved monitoring of accurate resuscitation in patients suffering from hemorrhagic shock.
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Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) · Jul 2018
Shock waves increase pulmonary vascular leakage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in a mouse model.
Severe lung damage is a major cause of death in blast victims, but the mechanisms of pulmonary blast injury are not well understood. Therefore, it is important to study the injury mechanism of pulmonary blast injury. A model of lung injury induced by blast exposure was established by using a simulation blast device. ⋯ The experimental process was controlled. Under the same condition, there was no statistical difference between the groups. It is possible to realize miniaturization and precision of an explosive knocking simulation device, which is a good experimental tool for further research on the mechanism of organ damage caused by detonation and the development of protective drugs.
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Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) · Jul 2018
Mulberry and dandelion water extracts prevent alcohol-induced steatosis with alleviating gut microbiome dysbiosis.
Chronic alcohol intake causes hepatic steatosis and changes the body composition and glucose metabolism. We examined whether water extracts of mulberry (WMB) and white flower dandelion ( Taraxacum coreanum Nakai, WTC) can prevent and/or delay the symptoms of chronic ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis in male Sprague Dawley rats, and explored the mechanisms. Ethanol degradation was examined by orally administering 3 g ethanol/kg bw after giving them 0.3 g/kg bw WMB or WTC. ⋯ These pathologies are mediated by changes in metabolism as well as toxic metabolic byproducts, and possibly by gut dysbiosis. In this study, we demonstrate that aqueous extracts of mulberry and dandelion protected rats against ethanol-induced losses in lean body and bone masses, improved glucose tolerance and partially normalized gut bacterial populations, with mulberry extract being generally more effective. This research suggests that mulberry and dandelion extracts may have the potential to improve some of the pathologies associated with excess alcohol consumption, and that further clinical research is warranted.
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Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) · May 2018
Right ventricle performances with echocardiography and 99mTc myocardial perfusion imaging in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients.
Right heart catheterization is commonly used to measure right ventricle hemodynamic parameters and is the gold standard for pulmonary arterial hypertension diagnosis; however, it is not suitable for patients' long-term follow-up. Non-invasive echocardiography and nuclear medicine have been applied to measure right ventricle anatomy and function, but the guidelines for the usefulness of clinical parameters remain to be established. The goal of this study is to identify reliable clinical parameters of right ventricle function in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients and analyze the relationship of these clinical parameters with the disease severity of pulmonary arterial hypertension. ⋯ Our results demonstrated that six RHC indexes, four echocardiography indexes and MPI index were significantly altered in PAH patients and correlated with the levels of mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Importantly, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of MPI and found that MPI has a strong diagnostic accuracy in PAH patients. The findings from this study will be of interest to clinical investigators who make diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for PAH patients.
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Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) · Feb 2018
Intermittent fasting protects against the deterioration of cognitive function, energy metabolism and dyslipidemia in Alzheimer's disease-induced estrogen deficient rats.
Intermittent fasting may be an effective intervention to protect against age-related metabolic disturbances, although it is still controversial. Here, we investigated the effect of intermittent fasting on the deterioration of the metabolism and cognitive functions in rats with estrogen deficiency and its mechanism was also explored. Ovariectomized rats were infused with β-amyloid (25-35; Alzheimer's disease) or β-amyloid (35-25, Non-Alzheimer's disease; normal cognitive function) into the hippocampus. ⋯ Intermittent fasting decreased skin temperature and fat mass, and improved glucose tolerance with decreasing food intake. Intermittent fasting also prevented memory loss: short-term and special memory loss. Therefore, intermittent fasting may prevent some of the metabolic pathologies associated with menopause and protect against age-related memory decline.