Diabetologia
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Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome ten (PTEN) has recently been characterized as a novel member in the expanding network of proteins regulating the intracellular effects of insulin. By dephosphorylation of phosphatidyl-inositol-(3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) the PTEN protein regulates the insulin-dependent phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling cassette and accordingly might function as a regulator of insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. In this study we tested PTEN as a candidate gene for insulin resistance and late-onset Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in a Danish Caucasian population. ⋯ Variability in the PTEN is not a common cause of Type II diabetes in the Danish Caucasian population.
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This study aimed to establish the relation between early infant nutrition and signs of beta-cell autoimmunity in young children. ⋯ These observations suggest that short-term breastfeeding and the early introduction of cows' milk-based infant formula predispose young children who are genetically susceptible to Type I diabetes to progressive signs of beta-cell autoimmunity.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
No effect of oral insulin on residual beta-cell function in recent-onset type I diabetes (the IMDIAB VII). IMDIAB Group.
Induction of tolerance to insulin is achievable in animal models of Type I (insulin-dependent) Diabetes mellitus by oral treatment with this hormone, which can lead to prevention of the disease. In the Diabetes Prevention Trial of Type I diabetes (DPT-1), oral insulin is given with the aim of preventing disease insurgence. We investigated whether if given at diagnosis of Type I diabetes in humans, oral insulin can still act as a tolerogen and therefore preserve residual beta-cell function, which is known to be substantial at diagnosis. ⋯ The results of this study indicate that the addition of 5 mg of oral insulin does not modify the course of the disease in the first year after diagnosis and probably does not statistically affect the humoral immune response against insulin.
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To examine changes in diabetes care provision after the introduction of a district diabetes information system. ⋯ Our results suggest appreciable improvements in diabetes care between 1993 and 1998. These changes apply to an entire population of patients across primary and shared care. We believe that these improvements could, in part, be attributable to the way in which the district diabetes information system has facilitated the structured cascade of diabetes care.
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This study analysed cause-specific mortality in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients using either sulphonylurea alone or in combination with metformin. ⋯ There was a higher cardiovascular mortality in Type II diabetic patients taking sulphonylurea and metformin in combination than in those taking only sulphonylurea. Hence, it cannot be excluded that this kind of combination therapy possibly increases cardiovascular mortality. It is feasible that the increased mortality was secondary to a more aggressive type of diabetes in the patients using sulphonylurea and metformin in combination. Combination therapy is known to promote additional blood glucose reduction but there is as yet no evidence that a sulphonylurea and metformin combination is more beneficial on micro- or macrovascular disease than sulphonylurea or metformin alone.