Radiologic clinics of North America
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Radiol. Clin. North Am. · Jul 2013
ReviewMagnetic resonance imaging of pediatric lung parenchyma, airways, vasculature, ventilation, and perfusion: state of the art.
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a noninvasive imaging modality, particularly attractive for pediatric patients given its lack of ionizing radiation. Despite many advantages, the physical properties of the lung (inherent low signal-to-noise ratio, magnetic susceptibility differences at lung-air interfaces, and respiratory and cardiac motion) have posed technical challenges that have limited the use of MR imaging in the evaluation of thoracic disease in the past. However, recent advances in MR imaging techniques have overcome many of these challenges. This article discusses these advances in MR imaging techniques and their potential role in the evaluation of thoracic disorders in pediatric patients.
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Radiol. Clin. North Am. · May 2013
ReviewImaging evaluation of traumatic ligamentous injuries of the ankle and foot.
Sports ankle injuries are very common worldwide. In the United States, it is estimated that 2 million acute ankle sprains occur each year, averaging to $318 to $914 per sprain. ⋯ This article encompasses epidemiology, biomechanics, normal anatomy, and pathologic conditions of the ankle and foot ligaments. The specific ligaments discussed include the syndesmotic ligaments, lateral ligament complex of the ankle, deltoid ligament, spring ligament, ligaments of the sinus tarsi, and the Lisfranc ligament.
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Ultrasonography is currently the imaging modality of choice when assessing scrotal lesions. Ultrasound findings are sometimes inconclusive, in which case magnetic resonance (MR) imaging might yield additional important information. ⋯ Nonneoplastic lesions that can mimic scrotal malignancy are discussed. Normal anatomy and imaging techniques are also presented.
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Radiol. Clin. North Am. · Sep 2012
ReviewEvaluation and management of indeterminate pulmonary nodules.
The radiologic evaluation and management of the indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodule provide common diagnostic dilemma. With continued technologic advancements in multidetector computed tomography leading to higher spatial resolution and greater overall sensitivity of computed tomography scanners, increasing numbers of indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodules are being detected. Malignant and benign solitary pulmonary nodules have similar imaging features. Clinical management of these incidental nodules relies not only on imaging characteristics but also on malignancy risk factors, along with the risks and benefits of further investigation.
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Screening with low-dose computed tomography reduces mortality from lung cancer in high-risk patients. Lung cancer screening with chest radiography alone or in combination with sputum analysis is currently not recommended. ⋯ A standardized framework for testing and management in a multidisciplinary fashion is necessary to provide lung cancer screening. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network and the American Lung Association have recently issued guidelines for lung cancer screening with computed tomography in high-risk patients.