Radiologic clinics of North America
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Fibrous orbital tumors present clinically and radiographically in a broad spectrum ranging from a benign mass, to locally aggressive tumor, to invasive malignancy. Pathologic analysis and diagnosis are often challenging, usually based on a combination of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopic findings. Some light microscopic and immunohistochemical findings, however, are relatively characteristic. ⋯ A history of prior orbital irradiation for retinoblastoma or other tumors may raise the possibility of radiation-induced secondary tumors, such as MFH, fibrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Determining the extent of orbital involvement remains the primary goal of the radiologist. The final diagnosis still rests with the pathologist.
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Since the development of A- and B-scan ultrasound technique in the 1950s, significant progress in ophthalmic ultrasound has appeared. As the technology advances and ultrasound systems improve their ability to acquire and detect ultrasonic signals and to analyze them in terms of a spatial resolution and frequency distribution, there is no doubt that the extent of clinical applications will expand accordingly. ⋯ For ophthalmology, we hope that less expensive color Doppler systems with specifically designed probes, improved two-dimensional resolution, and Doppler spectrum acquisition will become more widely available. Because CDI allows for the first time a noninvasive assessment of the retrobulbar vasculature, we feel that many applications of this technology will develop for ophthalmology.
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This article provides a clear understanding of the pathophysiology of sinonasal inflammatory diseases and the rationale behind endoscopic surgery. Normal anatomy and pertinent anatomic variants that should be included in the radiology report are described. The relative role of CT and MR imaging in evaluation of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions is emphasized.
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Radiol. Clin. North Am. · May 1998
ReviewPercutaneous epidural and nerve root block and percutaneous lumbar sympatholysis.
Epidural steroid injections and selective nerve root blocks currently are considered standard techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of back pain. The targeted epidural and perineural steroid injection with nerve block is a new technique that combines an epidural steroid injection and a nerve block. Radiologists are best suited for performing these procedures because of their training and skills in fluoroscopy and needle procedures.
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Imaging has a key role in the identification of bronchiectasis. Over the years, imaging tests have become increasingly accurate in depicting the features of early bronchiectasis. This article covers the clinical, pathologic, and functional features of bronchiectasis; high-resolution CT scan technique; the signs of bronchiectasis on chest radiography and high-resolution CT scan; and the causes of misdiagnosis of bronchiectasis.