Radiologic clinics of North America
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This articles focuses on the principles of spinal surgery, the basic types of spinal instrumentation, and imaging of the postoperative spine. It is the first of three articles in this issue that discuss the spine. Complications are discussed and illustrated throughout. This article should assist radiologists in the review of spinal, chest, and abdominal films of spinal surgery patients.
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Radiol. Clin. North Am. · Mar 1995
ReviewFixation techniques and instrumentation used in the thoracic, lumbar, and lumbosacral spine.
The radiologist is faced with continual changes in both surgical techniques and instrumentation for the spine. To properly evaluate radiographic and special imaging studies, it is necessary to have a working knowledge of the devices used and the principles that direct their use. This article discusses the identification and function of the most common instrumentation in the thoracic, lumbar, and lumbosacral spine.
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Radiol. Clin. North Am. · Mar 1995
ReviewFixation techniques and instrumentation used in the cervical spine.
This article emphasizes the techniques and instrumentation used in the cervical spine to provide insight into the identification and function of the fixation, grafting, and wiring techniques used for stabilization and fusion. Fracture reduction and stabilization in degenerative disease, the most common reasons for spinal fixation in the cervical spine, are discussed, as are infections, spinal stenosis, and tumors.
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In conclusion, both transabdominal and transvaginal sonography are valuable tools in the evaluation of the patient who presents with a gynecologic or obstetric emergency and can very quickly lead to a definitive diagnosis or limited differential. Sonography also can be useful in excluding the presence of other pathologies that may mimic obstetric or gynecologic disease including appendicitis, diverticulitis, and renal obstruction.
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Positron emission tomography (PET) is just beginning to emerge as a clinically useful tool in the thorax. Imaging with FDG is used primarily to differentiate benign from malignant abnormalities, including solitary pulmonary nodules, staging bronchogenic carcinoma, and differentiating recurrent tumor from fibrosis following treatment. This article discusses the fundamental properties of PET images, techniques, and current clinical indications in the thorax.