Clinical medicine (London, England)
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Bronchiectasis is a heterogeneous and increasingly prevalent chronic pulmonary disease that is associated with significant morbidity. In this review, we outline how patients with bronchiectasis may present clinically and describe an approach to its diagnosis, including how to identify an underlying aetiology. We discuss the important considerations when treating either acute exacerbations or stable disease and provide an overview of the role of long-term antimicrobials, airway clearance methods and other supportive management.
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Over 50 systemic conditions may affect the pleura and, thus, unilateral pleural effusions may present for a variety of reasons. Investigating the cause is essential to providing appropriate management. ⋯ It is, therefore, vital to consider the intervention with the highest diagnostic yield appropriate to the particular clinical situation. The diagnostic pathway in unilateral pleural effusion is increasingly outpatient based, avoiding hospitalisation, which is particularly relevant with the recent COVID-19 pandemic.
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Multicenter Study
Increased frequency of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 patients admitted in the ICU: A multicentre study from Mumbai, India.
There are limited data regarding the incidence of pneumothorax in COVID-19 patients as well as the impact of the same on patient outcomes. ⋯ Our study demonstrates that air leaks occur with a higher frequency in patients with COVID-19 than in other ICU patients. When present, such air leaks contributed to poor outcomes with almost 74% mortality rates in these patients.
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Case Reports
Lessons of the month 3: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following COVID-19 vaccination (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19).
A 36-year-old woman presented to hospital 9 days after receiving her first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine with fever, myalgia and a sore throat. She was previously fit and well with no prior vaccine reactions. There was no clinical response to initial treatment with intravenous (IV) antibiotics. ⋯ HLH is a rare syndrome of acute and rapidly progressive systemic inflammation characterised by cytopenias, excessive cytokine production and hyperferritinaemia. The adult form has multiple triggers, including recent vaccination. This case prompts awareness among clinicians of HLH as a rare complication of COVID-19 vaccination but should not discourage individuals from vaccination.
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Observational Study
Prediction of admission to a low-resource sub-Saharan hospital by mental status, mobility and oxygen saturation recorded on arrival: a prospective observational study.
The decision to admit patients to hospital in low-resource settings have been poorly investigated. ⋯ In a low-resource setting, a simple score based on mental status, mobility and oxygen saturation identified outpatient and emergency department patients most and least likely to be subsequently admitted to hospital with a high degree of discrimination.