Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Oct 2020
Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Access to High-Quality Dialysis Treatment in Chicago: Does Neighborhood Racial/Ethnic Composition Matter?
Blacks and Hispanics face a higher incidence rate of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and tend to experience poorer access to quality health care compared with Whites. Income, education, and insurance coverage differentials are typically identified as risk factors, but neighborhood-level analyses may provide additional insights. We examine whether neighborhood racial composition contributes to racial/ethnic inequities in access to high-quality dialysis care in Chicago. ⋯ Expanding opportunities for Blacks and Hispanics to gain access to racially integrated and minority neighborhoods may help alleviate racial/ethnic inequities in access to quality care among kidney disease patients.
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Sep 2020
"I Live in This Neighborhood Too, Though": the Psychosocial Effects of Gentrification on Low-Income Black Men Living in Washington, D.C.
Gentrification-the process by which middle-class individuals (often White) move into lower-income neighborhoods (often Black), consequently displacing existing residents and changing the neighborhood's social character-is a relatively new and rapid phenomenon in Washington, DC. From 2000 to 2010, DC had the second fastest rate of gentrification in the USA. Gentrification is a major and disproportionate source of disadvantage for low-income Black DC residents. ⋯ Black men's experiences with gentrification in DC included experiencing changing demographics and spaces, being discriminated against by police, blaming the Black community for gentrification and displacement and recognizing the positives of gentrification. Gentrification had negative psychosocial effects on participants, including race-based social exclusion, restricted mobility, reduced social cohesion and sense of community belonging, loss of control, and internalized blame. It is imperative that psychologists and other health professionals recognize and further explore the psychosocial and health consequences of gentrification on longtime Black residents and promote solutions to reduce the stress associated with this understudied driver of racial/ethnic health inequities.
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Sep 2020
Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Hospitalization and In-hospital Mortality at the Height of the New York City Pandemic.
Investigate whether or not race is associated with differences in hospitalization and survival to discharge among patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) at the height of the pandemic in New York City (NYC). ⋯ Blacks were more likely than Whites to require hospitalization for COVID-19 while Hispanics were more likely to experience in-hospital mortality. Further investigation into the socioeconomic factors underlying racial disparities in COVID-19 survival and severity requiring hospitalization is needed on a national scale.
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Aug 2020
Prevalence of Comorbidities and Risks Associated with COVID-19 Among Black and Hispanic Populations in New York City: an Examination of the 2018 New York City Community Health Survey.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected Blacks and Hispanics in New York City (NYC) disproportionately. This study aims to assess the relationship of race/ethnicity with COVID-19 associated factors such as hypertension, diabetes, neighborhood poverty, and frontline work, in NYC. ⋯ The greater prevalence of the factors associated with COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes puts Black and Hispanic populations in NYC at a greater risk. These factors are also related to poverty and should be mitigated together with reducing racial/ethnic inequities.
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Aug 2020
The Unequal Effect of Income on Risk of Overweight/Obesity of Whites and Blacks with Knee Osteoarthritis: the Osteoarthritis Initiative.
Although the protective effect of socioeconomic status (SES) against risk of overweight/obesity is well established, such effects may not be equal across diverse racial and ethnic groups, as suggested by the marginalization-related diminished returns (MDR) theory. ⋯ While higher income protects Whites with knee OA against overweight/obesity, this effect is absent for Blacks with knee OA. Clinicians should not assume that the needs of high-income Whites and Blacks with knee OA are similar, as high-income Blacks may have greater unmet needs than high-income Whites. Racially tailored programs may help reduce the health disparities between Whites and Blacks with knee OA. The results are important given that elimination of racial disparities in obesity is a step toward eliminating racial gap in the burden of knee OA. This is particularly important given that overweight/obesity is not only a prognostic factor for OA but also a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases and premature mortality.