Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Oct 2019
Differences in Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis by Ethnicity, Insurance Status, and Family Income in Young Women in the USA.
Describe the clinical and epidemiological data from young women with breast cancer and determine the association between ethnicity, insurance status, family income, and breast cancer stage at the diagnosis in this population. ⋯ Among young US women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, most of them presented early stage disease. Women with black ethnicity, low income, and uninsured are at risk for late-stage presentation. Improvements in strategies to allow earlier breast cancer diagnosis in these at risk population are urged.
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Oct 2019
Examining Race/Ethnicity Differences in the Association Between the Experience of Workplace Racial Discrimination and Depression or Negative Emotions.
This study examines associations and potential interactions between race/ethnicity, workplace racial discrimination, depression, and negative emotional symptoms experienced due to treatment based on race. Data for this study come from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an annual telephone survey of US residents, aged 18 and older. ⋯ Analyses stratified by race/ethnic group suggest that, after controlling for gender, marital status, education, and income, there was an association between experiencing workplace racial discrimination and reporting negative emotions due to treatment based on race (all p values < 0.001). Of note, this association was strongest for non-Hispanic White respondents.
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Oct 2019
Meta AnalysisHealth Disparities and Sepsis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Influence of Race on Sepsis-Related Mortality.
Racial disparities in sepsis outcomes have been previously reported. However, recently, there have been inconsistencies in identifying which socioeconomic variables, such as race, account for these disparities. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review in order to examine the impact of race on sepsis-attributable mortality. ⋯ On the basis of available evidence from a limited number of observation retrospective studies, race alone cannot fully explain sepsis-related disparities, especially sepsis-attributable mortality.
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Oct 2019
Vicarious Racism Stress and Disease Activity: the Black Women's Experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) Study.
Indirect or vicarious exposure to racism (e.g., hearing about or observing acts of racism or discrimination) is a salient source of stress for African Americans. Emerging research suggests that these "secondhand" experiences of racism may contribute to racial health inequities through stress-mediated pathways. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that disproportionately impacts African American women and is characterized by racial disparities in severity. Health outcomes in this population may be susceptible to vicarious racism given that SLE is shown to be sensitive to psychosocial stress. ⋯ Vicarious racism may result in heightened disease activity and contribute to racial disparities in SLE. Our findings suggest that acts of racism committed against members of one's racial group may have distinct health consequences beyond the immediate victim or target.
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J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · Aug 2019
Racial Differences in Smoking-related Disease Risk Perceptions Among Adults Completing Lung Cancer Screening: Follow-up Results from the ACRIN/NLST Ancillary Study.
Previous work suggests that, compared to white adults, black adults have lower perceived risk for smoking-related diseases (SRDs), which may influence cessation behavior and health outcomes; however, racial differences in SRD risk perceptions among high-risk patients (i.e., a group that exhibits elevated risk for SRDs) following lung screening remain unknown. This paper thus examined differences in risk perceptions for lung cancer and other SRDs among black and white National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) participants. We administered a 10-item measure of perceived lifetime risk of lung cancer and other SRD (Smoking Risk Perceptions Scale; SRPS) to NLST participants at 1 year following lung screening to (1) establish the internal consistency of the SRPS for both black and white participants, (2) compare smoking-related disease risk perceptions between black and white participants, and (3) identify predictors of risk perceptions for black and white participants using multivariable linear regression models. ⋯ Findings suggest current and former black smokers are at risk of having lower risk perceptions for lung cancer and SRDs than white adults following lung cancer screening; these differences may explain observed racial differences in cessation outcomes. Although similar factors influence black and white adults' beliefs, risk perceptions may differentially impact smoking behavior among these groups. Behavior change models that guide tobacco treatment approaches, particularly for high-risk black smokers, should consider the influence of cultural factors on risk perceptions and cessation efforts.