British journal of orthodontics
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Throughout the 50-year history of the NHS, the Government has sought to cash limit the GDS. PDS (Personal Dental Services) pilots represent another attempt at cash limiting and a new system for delivering dental services in NHS practice. ⋯ A brief outline of the Bedfordshire PDS contract is given. The experiences of the first 9 months of the PDS pilot are related.
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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a recognized clinical disorder in which periods of cessation of breathing occur in the presence of inspiratory effort. Because this may have serious cardio-vascular and pulmonary consequences, diagnosis, and adequate treatment are important. ⋯ This paper aims to give an overview of the complaint, defining and describing the disorder, reporting its signs and symptoms, and discussing its diagnosis and treatment. Particular attention will be given to those areas in which the orthodontist may play an active role.
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Comparative Study
An analysis of papers published in the British and European Journals of Orthodontics.
The aims of this study were to assess the type, subject, setting and methods of papers published in British Journal of Orthodontics (BJO) and European Journal of Orthodontics (EJO) between 1989 and 1993 to allow all published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to be identified and a comparison of the papers published in the journals to be made. A hand search of all papers published in BJO and EJO between 1989 and 1993 was performed, and the type, subject, setting, and methods of each paper were classified and recorded. Of the studies, 59.3 per cent related to clinical orthodontics, but only three RCTs were identified in each journal. This comprised 2.8 per cent of the clinical research papers which were analysed. The remaining studies used non-randomized controls or were uncontrolled. Significant differences were found between the type (P < 0.001), subject (P < 0.001), setting (P < 0.01) and methods (P < 0.05) of papers published in the two journals. Relatively more papers in BJO were case reports, clinical opinions and update articles, reported on orthodontic materials or assessed methods of measuring the outcome of treatment. Ninety per cent of papers in EJO reported the results of research projects and relatively more papers, than in BJO, were related to animal studies, and were laboratory based or epidemiological. ⋯ Despite the RCT being regarded as the 'Gold Standard' for the evaluation of therapeutic interventions and materials only six (5.1 per cent) of such studies used this method. Significant differences in the type, setting and subject of papers published in BJO and EJO between 1989 and 1993 were found.
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Two instances are described in which the cutting of distal sections of archwires using current clinical methods has proved hazardous.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
An investigation of the features of the pre-term infant palate and the effect of prolonged orotracheal intubation with and without protective appliances.
The features of premature low birth weight infant palates were examined. Babies of less than 32 weeks gestation at birth were compared with 30 who had required orotracheal intubation for ten or more days. ⋯ Prolonged orotracheal intubation was shown to be associated with narrowing, deepening and some anterior elongation of the developing palate. The protective appliance was shown to reduce the extent of these changes and provided an additional means of orotracheal tube support.