Internal medicine journal
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Internal medicine journal · Mar 2012
Prevalence and management of HER2/neu-positive early breast cancer in a single institution following availability of adjuvant trastuzumab.
To ascertain the prevalence of HER2/neu-positive early breast cancer (EBC), utilisation of adjuvant trastuzumab and incidence of cardiac toxicity in a community private hospital setting. ⋯ In a community private hospital setting, adjuvant trastuzumab and chemotherapy was delivered optimally, in line with national and international guidelines. Early efficacy and safety results in a non-clinical trial setting underscore the significant benefits achieved with this targeted therapy in HER2/neu-positive EBC.
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Internal medicine journal · Mar 2012
No evidence or no alternative? Taking responsibility for off-label prescribing.
Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is registered for patients with rare haematological disorders, but is used 'off-label' in many other situations, including intracranial haemorrhage, cardiac surgery, trauma, transplantation and prostatectomy. Lack of systematic evidence to support these off-label uses has not slowed the growth of off-label prescribing of rFVIIa. We use the case of rFVIIa to illustrate the issues raised by off-label prescribing, and the kind of impasse that can arise when views about evidence, expertise and clinical necessity are in conflict. We argue that clinicians, hospital drug committees and regulators all need to acknowledge the complexity of prescribing decisions, and ensure that decisions to prescribe off-label are sufficiently justified.
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Internal medicine journal · Mar 2012
From blood transfusion to patient blood management: a new paradigm for patient care and cost assessment of blood transfusion practice.
The ageing population in developed countries, including Australia, is putting increasing demands on blood transfusion services. With a falling donor pool there is likely to be a shortage of blood and blood products in the next 20 to 30 years unless there are significant changes in medical practice. The National Health and Medical Research Council/Australasian Society of Blood Transfusion Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Use of Blood Components from 2001 are being redeveloped by the National Health and Medical Research Council/Australian and New Zealand Society of Blood Transfusion as evidence-based patient-focused Patient Blood Management guidelines with the aim of improving patient outcomes by reducing inappropriate blood and blood product use and targeting therapies for improving the management of anaemia and coagulopathies.
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Internal medicine journal · Mar 2012
Hyponatraemia in older people as a sign of adrenal insufficiency: a case-control study.
Hyponatraemia is a common cause of hospitalisation in older adults. Adrenal insufficiency (AI) can result in hyponatraemia. ⋯ Sodium levels were 125 ± 5 and 139.8 ± 2 mmol/L in the hyponatremic and control groups respectively. Baseline cortisol <550 nmol/L was found in a half of hyponatremic patients. However, stimulated cortisol levels were compatible with AI in only one case (3%) and none of the controls. The mean cortisol levels were significantly higher in hyponatremic compared with control subjects, both in the basal state (585 ± 215 and 381 ± 135 nmol/L, respectively, P < 0.001) and after stimulation (933 ± 254 and 781 ± 160 nmol/L, P < 0.05). However, the incremental increase in cortisol levels after stimulation was similar in the two groups (361 ± 196 and 403 ± 155 nmol/L) CONCLUSIONS: AI is an uncommon cause of hyponatraemia in older age. Based on this small cohort, AI may be present in 3% of elderly patients with hyponatraemia. AI cannot be excluded by baseline cortisol in a significant minority of hyponatremic patients and further testing with adrenocorticotropin hormone stimulation is needed.
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Internal medicine journal · Mar 2012
Case ReportsEfficacy of rituximab in refractory antisynthetase syndrome.
We report the successful use of repeated administration of rituximab in a patient with antisynthetase syndrome refractory to conventional immunosuppressive medications. A literature review revealed that previous experience with rituximab in this condition has been sparse. The rationale for the use of B-cell depleting therapies in antisynthetase syndrome has been explored in light of the current understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition.