Internal medicine journal
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An increasing number of individuals undertake air travel annually. Issues regarding cabin air quality and the potential risks of transmission of respiratory infections during flight have been investigated and debated previously, but, with the advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza outbreaks, these issues have recently taken on heightened importance. ⋯ However, studies of ventilation systems and patient outcomes indicate the spread of pathogens during flight occurs rarely. In the present review, aspects of the aircraft cabin environment that affect the likelihood of transmission of respiratory pathogens on airplanes are outlined briefly and evidence for the occurrence of outbreaks of respiratory illness among airline passengers are reviewed.
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Internal medicine journal · Jan 2005
Case ReportsRadiocontrast anaphylaxis with failure of premedication.
Radiocontrast media (RCM) is used commonly in clinical practice, and can be associated with significant adverse effects. We report a patient who experienced severe anaphylaxis after being given multiple drugs. ⋯ Premedication did not prevent recurrence of anaphylaxis on repeat challenge with RCM. The haemodynamic and serum tryptase consequences of the challenges are discussed, and a summary of RCM allergy is provided.
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Internal medicine journal · Jan 2005
Prospective audit of short-term concurrent ketamine, opioid and anti-inflammatory ('triple-agent') therapy for episodes of acute on chronic pain.
This prospective audit was undertaken in order to document the analgesic response and adverse effects of concurrent short-term ('burst') triple-agent analgesic (ketamine, an opioid and an anti-inflammatory agent--either steroidal or non-steroidal) administration, for episodes of acute on chronic pain. The clinical hypothesis in this study is that better pain control may be obtained by simultaneous multiple target receptor blockade. ⋯ The results suggest that this 'burst' triple-agent approach is safe and effective in an inpatient palliative care population during episodes of poorly controlled acute on chronic pain, and warrants further investigation to ascertain whether it gives superior results compared to the 'gold-standard' WHO ladder approach.