The Lancet infectious diseases
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Safe and effective vaccines could help to end the ongoing Ebola virus disease epidemic in parts of west Africa, and mitigate future outbreaks of the virus. We assess the statistical validity and power of randomised controlled trial (RCT) and stepped-wedge cluster trial (SWCT) designs in Sierra Leone, where the incidence of Ebola virus disease is spatiotemporally heterogeneous, and is decreasing rapidly. ⋯ US National Institutes of Health, US National Science Foundation, and Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
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Observational Study
Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine failure associated with a triple mutant including kelch13 C580Y in Cambodia: an observational cohort study.
Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine has been adopted as first-line artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) for multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cambodia because of few remaining alternatives. We aimed to assess the efficacy of standard 3 day dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment of uncomplicated P falciparum malaria, with and without the addition of primaquine, focusing on the factors involved in drug resistance. ⋯ Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center/Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Military Infectious Disease Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene/Burroughs Wellcome Fund.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of oseltamivir treatment of index patients with influenza on secondary household illness in an urban setting in Bangladesh: secondary analysis of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
Antiviral drugs are a proposed medical intervention to reduce household transmission of influenza viruses. In a previously described randomised, placebo-controlled trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we showed that oseltamivir treatment of index patients was able to reduce influenza symptom duration and virus shedding. In a further analysis that is part of the same study, we aimed to assess efficacy of oseltamivir to reduce secondary household illnesses in the same cohort. ⋯ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (in an agreement with the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir fixed-dose combination with and without ribavirin for 12 weeks in treatment-naive and previously treated Japanese patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C: an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.
Compared with other countries, patients with chronic hepatitis C infection in Japan tend to be older, have more advanced liver disease, and are more likely to have been previously treated for hepatitis C. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of an all-oral, fixed-dose combination of the hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir and the NS5B nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir with and without ribavirin for 12 weeks in treatment-naive and previously treated Japanese patients with chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection. ⋯ Gilead Sciences.