Articles: analgesics.
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Cancer investigation · Jan 1998
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialLong-term administration of controlled-release oxycodone tablets for the treatment of cancer pain.
We conducted a study of the safety of controlled-release (CR) oxycodone tablets (OxyContin Tablets) administered chronically to patients with cancer-related pain in a usual clinical setting. These patients had participated in 1 of 2 double-blind, active-control studies. Our study was an open, 3-month treatment study that included 87 patients. ⋯ Despite stable pain control and an increasing total daily CR oxycodone dose, the percentage of patients reporting common opioid-related adverse events decreased over the course of the study. CR oxycodone tablets administered every 12 hr were successfully used to manage cancer pain over a 12-week period. Importantly, side effects diminished over time without a concomitant change in efficacy.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Nov 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialEquivalent antipyretic activity of ibuprofen and paracetamol in febrile children.
The antipyretic activity of ibuprofen in the Sparklets form was compared, in an equivalence study, with that of paracetamol in the same formulation. The study was conducted as a double-blind multicenter trial, with random allocation of the treatments. ⋯ The subjects' rectal temperature was regularly monitored for 6 hours. The statistical analysis of the results confirmed that ibuprofen and paracetamol are equivalent with respect to the following criteria (1) time elapsed between dosing and the lowest temperature: 3.61 +/- 1.34 hours for ibuprofen and 3.65 +/- 1.47 hours for paracetamol (95% confidence interval [CI] of the difference: -0.48; +0.56); (2) extent of the temperature decrease: 1.65 degrees C +/- 0.80 degrees C for ibuprofen and 1.50 degrees C +/- 0.61 degrees C for paracetamol, (95% CI of the difference: -0.41; +0.11); (3) rate of temperature decrease: 0.52 +/- 0.32 degrees C/hr for ibuprofen and 0.51 degrees C +/- 0.38 degrees C/hr for paracetamol (95% CI of the difference: -0.45; +0.55); (4) duration of temperature below 38.5 degrees C: 3.79 +/- 1.33 hours for ibuprofen and 3.84 +/- 1.22 hours for paracetamol (95% CI of the difference: -0.14; +0.12).
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Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim · Nov 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial[The utility of digital infiltration of mepivacaine and ketorolac in postoperative analgesia of the unilateral hallux valgus].
To determine whether locally injected ketorolac provides analgesia additional to that of mepivacaine, and also to prevent, diminish or delay the peripheral hypersensitivity response of postoperative pain. ⋯ Infiltration of 30 mg of ketorolac along with mepivacaine delays the appearance of postoperative pain and diminishes it in the first 24 hours after surgery to correct hallux valgus, in comparison with infiltration of mepivacaine alone plus intravenous ketorolac.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
The efficacy of intra-articular morphine for postoperative knee arthroscopy analgesia.
This article describes two prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trials designed to investigate this. Trial 1 compared a conventional local anaesthetic agent (100 mg bupivacaine) injected intra-articularly (i.a.) with a control (normal saline) and 1 mg of i.a. morphine. No significant difference was noted in the first 4 hours between the groups with respect to visual analogue pain (VAS) scores. ⋯ At early time points (1, 2, and 4 hours) similar VAS pain scores were recorded for both 5 mg i.v. morphine and 5 mg i.a. morphine, both significantly lower than the group receiving 1 mg i.a. morphine. At 6 and 24 hours, 5 mg of i.a. morphine produced significantly lower pain scores, less analgesic requirement, and less sleep disturbance on the first postoperative night than the other groups. It can be concluded from these two studies that 5 mg i.a. was the most effective analgesic following knee arthroscopy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Controlled-release oxycodone and morphine in cancer related pain.
Controlled-release (CR) formulations of oxycodone and morphine were compared in 45 patients with chronic cancer pain. The study was started with an open-label, randomised titration phase to achieve stable pain control for at least 48 h, followed by a double-blind, randomised, crossover phase in two periods, 3-6 days each. To blind the study using available tablet strengths, the dose ratio of oxycodone to morphine was set at 2:3. ⋯ If the results of the two periods were combined, the patients consumed significantly more escape doses and the mean pain intensities were significantly greater with CR oxycodone. The total opioid consumption ratio of oxycodone to morphine was 2:3 when oxycodone was administered first, and 3:4 when oxycodone was administered after morphine. The total incidence of adverse experiences reported by the patients was similar, but significantly more vomiting occurred with morphine, whereas constipation was more common with oxycodone.