Articles: analgesics.
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J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs · Nov 1987
A national survey of the assessment and treatment of pain and agitation in the neonatal intensive care unit.
A national survey was conducted to determine beliefs about neonatal pain and agitation, current methods of assessment, and standards for treatment. The results indicated a lack of consistency in both attitudes and practices among neonatal intensive care unit staff with regard to pain assessment and management in neonates. ⋯ Infants with chronic lung disease were identified as being particularly affected by agitation. These infants were noted to have an increased incidence of feeding problems and were more often medicated for agitation.
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This study evaluated the potential efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in reducing narcotic requirements following cesarean section. The total required dose of postoperative analgesic (meperidine) was found to be 511 mg in the experimental group and 456 mg in the control group. There was no significant difference in narcotic use or hospital stay between the experimental and control groups.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Epidural sufentanil versus intramuscular buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia. A double-blind comparative trial.
Epidural sufentanil 50 micrograms was compared with intramuscular buprenorphine 0.3 mg for postoperative pain relief. Patients were assigned randomly to one of two treatment groups and received both an intramuscular and epidural injection, one of which was a placebo. ⋯ Cardiovascular variables remained stable in all patients and no respiratory depression was observed. Side effects were more frequent following buprenorphine.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Nov 1987
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEffects of graded oral doses of a new 5-hydroxytryptamine/noradrenaline uptake inhibitor (Ro 15-8081) in comparison with 60 mg codeine and placebo on experimentally induced pain and side effect profile in healthy men.
1. Ro 15-8081 (Hoffmann-La Roche, Basle, Switzerland) is a novel mixed 5-HT/noradrenaline uptake inhibitor producing potent antinociceptive effects in animal pain models. 2. In healthy man, two models with electrically and thermally induced pain, respectively, have been shown to reliably discriminate between the effects of opioid as well as of antipyretic analgesics and placebo. 3. ⋯ The effects of all doses of Ro 15-8081 were significantly superior to those of placebo. Threshold and tolerance to electrically induced pain were not affected differently by the three doses of Ro 15-8081, whereas the threshold to thermally induced pain was elevated significantly more by 50 mg than by 10 and 25 mg Ro 15-8081. 6. Codeine 60 mg had a more rapid onset of action and greater maximal effects than Ro 15-8081.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Comparative Study
Comparison of epidural fentanyl with sufentanil. Analgesia and side effects after a single bolus dose during elective caesarean section.
Duration of analgesia and side effects following single bolus doses of epidural fentanyl (100 micrograms) or sufentanil (10, 20, 30 or 50 micrograms) were studied in 50 patients who underwent Caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia. Fewer patients experienced pain peroperatively in the fentanyl group than in a joint group of those given sufentanil 20 or 30 micrograms (p less than 0.05). The combined fentanyl and sufentanil 50 micrograms groups had fewer patients in pain than the sufentanil 10 micrograms group at 3 hours after injection (p less than 0.05). ⋯ The sufentanil 50 micrograms group had more patients asleep than the 10 micrograms group and also had more patients with pruritus than the 10 micrograms or 30 micrograms groups (p less than 0.02). The patients given sufentanil 30 and 50 micrograms had more emetic sequelae than those who received sufentanil 10 and 20 micrograms or fentanyl 100 micrograms (p less than 0.05). There was no detectable excretion of drug into breast milk and no significant respiratory depression at the time of first postoperative analgesia in the patients who received fentanyl or 30 micrograms or less of sufentanil.