Articles: analgesics.
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In the patient with advanced cancer, effective symptom control requires a multidisciplinary, multimodal approach. Considerations involved in the control of pain can serve as a model for management of other symptoms, such as anorexia and dyspnea, as well.
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The National Hospice Study of 1986 has not only revealed that hospices do a better job of meeting pain-control goals than do hospitals, but also elucidated a number of important differences in hospice and hospital care that account for this finding.
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Administration of opioids by less conventional routes may produce pain relief of more rapid onset, of longer duration, and fewer side effects in comparison with conventional oral or parenteral administration. This review will discuss the indications, efficacy, complications and potential advantages of these novel routes of administration.