Articles: analgesics.
-
The single-dose kinetics and the oral and rectal bioavailability of ketobemidone have been studied in patients after surgery. Plasma concentrations were determined following intravenous administration of Ketogin 2 ml, containing ketobemidone chloride 10 mg and the spasmolytic substance N, N-dimethyl-3, 3-diphenyl-l-methylallylamine chloride 50 mg and following oral or rectal administration of Ketogin. ⋯ After rectal administration the plasma half-life was somewhat prolonged (3.27 h), probably due to late absorption., The bioavailability of oral ketobemidone was 34% +/- 16% s.d. (n = 6), and when given rectally 44% +/- 9% s.d. (n = 5). In contrast to earlier investigations performed without plasma analysis, ketobemidone was found to have a rapid elimination when given intravenously, orally or rectally.
-
Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 1982
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe use of pain scales in assessing the efficacy of analgesics in post-operative dental pain.
Two 10 cm visual analogue scales were compared with a 0-10 point numerical rating scale and a four-point verbal descriptive scale, in assessing pain severity in twelve patients with post-operative pain following removal of an impacted lower third molar. High correlations were shown between the pain scores from the two visual analogue scales and the numerical scale, but a lower correlation was obtained when the four-point scale was compared with the other scales. Analgesic efficacy was found to be dependent on the type of scale used. The 10 cm visual analogue scale was more sensitive than other pain scales and could discriminate between small changes in pain intensity.
-
Comparative Study
Alfentanil: a study of its analgesic activity and interactions with morphine in the mouse.
Alfentanil has a short duration action which did not markedly increase with increasing dose in mice. It is approximately one-fourth as potent as fentanyl. ⋯ This has been demonstrated with injection of alfentanil 15 min before, simultaneously with and 30 min after morphine injection. There were not significant effects on depression of respiratory rate produce by morphine.
-
Like other investigators, we have found that the postoperative period is characterized by high energy expenditure, pain, high plasma catecholamines and decreased arterial oxygen tension, and also glycogenolysis, lipolysis, proteolysis and a low turn-over rate of glucose. Regional anaesthesia has often been supposed to counteract some of these phenomena without causing ventilatory depression. During the past few years a number of studies have been carried out in our department with the aim of elucidating possible differences between the effects of systemic analgesics and different regional anaesthetic blockades. ⋯ Adequately administered regional anaesthesia and systemic analgesic therapy both relieve postoperative pain, the former without interfering with normal ventilatory function. In addition, regional anaesthetic techniques cause less mental confusion, fewer bowel problems and possibly less postoperative lung complications. Moreover, high spinal blockades seem to be the only means of reducing the post-traumatic metabolic stress reaction.