Articles: mechanical-ventilation.
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Annals of intensive care · Dec 2017
Dynamic driving pressure associated mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
The survival predictors and optimal mechanical ventilator settings in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are uncertain. This study was designed to investigate the influences of clinical variables and mechanical ventilation settings on the outcomes for severe ARDS patients receiving ECMO. ⋯ For severe ARDS patients receiving ECMO, immunocompromised status, APACHE II score and the duration of ARDS before ECMO initiation were significantly associated with ICU survival. Higher dynamic driving pressure during first 3 days of ECMO support was also independently associated with increased ICU mortality.
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Observational Study
Role of Integrated Pulmonary Index in Identifying Extubation Failure.
The integrated pulmonary index (IPI) utilizes an algorithm based on the measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide, breathing frequency, heart rate, and oxygen saturation to provide an assessment of the patient's ventilatory status. This clinical trial was designed to determine whether lower IPI values were associated with extubation failure. ⋯ Declining IPI measurements postextubation are predictive of extubation failure. Further clinical trials are needed to assess the role of IPI in guiding interventions in extubated patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of Volume Guaranteed Ventilation Combined with Two Different Modes in Preterm Infants.
Volume-controlled ventilation modes have been shown to reduce duration of mechanical ventilation, incidence of chronic lung disease, failure of primary mode of ventilation, hypocarbia, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, pneumothorax, and periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infants when compared with pressure limited ventilation modes. Volume-guarantee (VG) ventilation is the most commonly used mode for volume-controlled ventilation. Assist control, pressure-support ventilation (PSV), and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) can be combined with VG; however, there is a lack of knowledge on the superiority of each regarding clinical outcomes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of SIMV+VG and PSV+VG on ventilatory parameters, pulmonary inflammation, morbidity, and mortality in preterm infants. ⋯ PSV+VG provided closer tidal volumes to the set value in ventilated preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome and was not associated with overventilation or a difference in mortality or morbidity when compared to SIMV+VG. Therefore, PSV+VG is a safe mode of mechanical ventilation to be used for respiratory distress syndrome.
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Intensive care medicine · Dec 2017
Recommendations for mechanical ventilation of critically ill children from the Paediatric Mechanical Ventilation Consensus Conference (PEMVECC).
Much of the common practice in paediatric mechanical ventilation is based on personal experiences and what paediatric critical care practitioners have adopted from adult and neonatal experience. This presents a barrier to planning and interpretation of clinical trials on the use of specific and targeted interventions. We aim to establish a European consensus guideline on mechanical ventilation of critically children. ⋯ These recommendations should help to harmonise the approach to paediatric mechanical ventilation and can be proposed as a standard-of-care applicable in daily clinical practice and clinical research.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2017
ReviewOptimal management of apparatus dead space in the anesthetized infant.
Mechanical ventilation of the anesthetized infant requires careful attention to equipment and ventilator settings to assure optimal gas exchange and minimize the potential for lung injury. Apparatus dead space, defined as dead space resulting from devices placed between the endotracheal tube and the Y-piece of the breathing circuit, is the primary source of dead space controlled by the clinician. ⋯ The goal of this review was to evaluate the apparatus that are commonly added to the breathing circuit during anesthesia care, and develop recommendations to guide the clinician in selecting apparatus that are best matched to the clinical goals and the patient's size. We include specific recommendations for apparatus that are best suited for different size pediatric patients, with a particular focus on patients <5 kg.