Articles: mechanical-ventilation.
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed · Feb 2018
ReviewIndications for extracorporeal support: why do we need the results of the EOLIA trial?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung disease, with an associated mortality rate exceeding 60% for the most severe forms of the disease. In these situations, establishing an extracorporeal circuit, combining a centrifugal pump and a membrane oxygenator (extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO), can ensure total pulmonary assistance and allow the lungs to rest under ultraprotective mechanical ventilation. Unfortunately, former trials of ECMO in ARDS were negative or highly criticized due to many technical and methodological shortcomings. ⋯ Therefore, the international multicenter randomized EOLIA (ECMO to rescue Lung Injury in severe ARDS) trial was designed to test the benefit of systematic and early installation of the latest-generation ECMO circuits in patients with very severe ARDS. Patients randomized to the control group were managed with tight control of mechanical ventilation and recourse to paralyzing agents and prone positioning, while an ethical crossover option to ECMO was permitted only if refractory hypoxemia (SaO2 < 80%) lasted for > 6 h despite all possible conventional emergency interventions. The primary endpoint of the study was the 60-day mortality rate, with an expected 20% absolute mortality reduction with ECMO.
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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Feb 2018
Criteria for Postoperative Mechanical Ventilation After Thymectomy in Patients With Myasthenia Gravis: A Retrospective Analysis.
To determine the criteria for postoperative mechanical ventilation after thymectomy in patients with Myasthenia Gravis. ⋯ The predictors of postoperative ventilation in myasthenic patients undergoing thymectomy as per our study are: 1. Grade of myasthenia; 2. History of preoperative myasthenic crisis; 3. Anti-acetylcholine antibodies positivity; 4. Presence of thymoma; and 5. a vital capacity < 2.9 litres. Use of thoracic epidural as a part of combined anesthetic technique helps to reduce the need of mechanical ventilation in these patients.
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Journal of critical care · Feb 2018
Review Meta AnalysisEffect of antibiotics administered via the respiratory tract in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
We evaluated the effect of antibiotics administered via the respiratory tract to prevent the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients. ⋯ Prophylactic antibiotics administered through the respiratory tract by nebulization reduce the occurrence of VAP, without a significant effect on either the ICU mortality or occurrence of VAP due to MDR pathogens.
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Many critically ill patients receive ketamine for adjunct sedation despite a paucity of evidence on its use, dosing, and monitoring in this setting. ⋯ Continuous ketamine infusion for adjunct light sedation was well tolerated in a cohort of critically ill adults, with an acceptable safety profile. Prospective studies of ketamine infusion are warranted to further establish its efficacy as a sedative in this population.
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Journal of critical care · Feb 2018
Comparative StudyThe comparative effectiveness of noninvasive and invasive ventilation in patients with pneumonia.
To compare the outcomes of patients hospitalized with pneumonia treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). ⋯ Initial NIV was associated with better survival among the subgroup of patients hospitalized with pneumonia who had COPD or heart failure. Patients who failed NIV had high in-hospital mortality, emphasizing the importance of careful patient selection monitoring when managing severe pneumonia with NIV.