Articles: mechanical-ventilation.
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Pol. Merkur. Lekarski · Dec 2015
Review[New definition of ventilator associated pneumonia might not necessarily have been a step in the right direction. Key takeaways from published studies after two years in clinical use].
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. VAP is associated with prolonged hospitalization and visibly increased mortality, which in the group of patients with VAP ranges from 25% to 47%. In January 2013 Centers of Disease Control and Prevention introduced a new definition for VAP. ⋯ The latest published studies suggest that most of the complications defined as VAE are patient-related, not modifiable risk factors and these patients had no evidence of hospital-acquired complications. The new definition failed to detect many patients with VAP and it has not resolved the ambiguities related to the diagnosis of this complication. It seems that the new surveillance program will not lead to introducing new prevention strategies that could decrease the mortality in intensive care unit patients.
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Pediatric cardiology · Dec 2015
The Influence of Fluid Overload on the Length of Mechanical Ventilation in Pediatric Congenital Heart Surgery.
Fluid overload and prolonged mechanical ventilation lead to worse outcomes in critically ill children. However, the association between these variables in children following congenital heart surgery is unknown. The objectives of this study were to describe the association between fluid overload and duration of mechanical ventilation, oxygen requirement and radiologic findings of pulmonary and chest wall edema. ⋯ Fluid overload is associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and PICU length of stay after congenital heart surgery. Fluid overload was also associated with physiological markers of respiratory restriction. A randomized controlled trial of a restrictive versus liberal fluid replacement strategy is necessary in this patient population, but in the meantime, accumulating observational evidence suggests that cautious use of fluid in the postoperative care may be warranted.
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Dec 2015
Simultaneous monitoring of intratidal compliance and resistance in mechanically ventilated piglets: A feasibility study in two different study groups.
Compliance measures the force counteracting parenchymal lung distension. In mechanical ventilation, intratidal compliance-volume (C(V))-profiles therefore change depending on PEEP, tidal volume (VT), and underlying mechanical lung properties. Resistance counteracts gas flow through the airways. ⋯ In the lavage group, a large drop in resistance at small volumes and slow decrease toward larger volumes was found for small PEEP/VT-settings where C(V)-profiles revealed a volume-dependent increase (small PEEP) or a decrease (large PEEP and large VT). R(V)-profiles depend characteristically on PEEP, VT, and possibly whether lungs are healthy or not. Curved R(V)-profiles might indicate pathological changes in the underlying mechanical lung properties and/or might be a sign of derecruitment.
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Annals of intensive care · Dec 2015
Efficiency of a mechanical device in controlling tracheal cuff pressure in intubated critically ill patients: a randomized controlled study.
Cuff pressure (P cuff) control is mandatory to avoid leakage of oral secretions passing the tracheal tube and tracheal ischemia. The aim of the present trial was to determine the efficacy of a mechanical device (PressureEasy®) in the continuous control of P cuff in patients intubated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-cuffed tracheal tubes, compared with routine care using a manometer. ⋯ PressureEasy® did not demonstrate a better control of P cuff between 20 and 30 cmH2O, compared with routine care using a manometer. Moreover, the device use resulted in significantly higher time spent with overinflation of tracheal cuff, which might increase the risk for tracheal ischemic lesions.
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Journal of critical care · Dec 2015
Outcome of tuberculous meningitis patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
There is paucity of information about the outcome of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients on mechanical ventilation (MV). In this communication, we report the clinical characteristics, predictors of MV, and outcome of TBM patients requiring MV. ⋯ Mechanical ventilation was needed in 18% TBM patients because of TBM-related or systemic complications. Those requiring MV had high mortality and may be categorized separately.