Articles: analgesia.
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The only way some patients with intractable angina pectoris can endure the daily pain is by using opiates. Epidural morphine or spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for out-patients is a possibility for this patient group. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients previously treated with epidural injections had more frequent electrode migration, higher stimulation needs, and less effect of SCS treatment. ⋯ SCS in patients previously treated with epidural catheters has an effect equal to that in other patients.
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Biography Historical Article Classical Article
Postoperative analgesia and lung function: a comparison of morphine with extradural block. 1971.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Bupivacaine 0.01% and/or epinephrine 0.5 microg/ml improve epidural fentanyl analgesia after cesarean section.
The authors studied the addition of bupivacaine and epinephrine, separately and together, to epidural fentanyl to determine whether this improved postcesarean analgesia and reduced the incidence of side effects. ⋯ During the conditions of this study, the addition of epinephrine and bupivacaine to a 3-microg/ml epidural fentanyl solution for postcesarean section pain relief provided superior analgesia compared with fentanyl alone or fentanyl with epinephrine. Whether increasing the concentration of fentanyl alone might improve the efficacy of fentanyl remains unclear.