Articles: analgesia.
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The efficacy and safety of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) for postoperative analgesia on hospital wards was studied. ⋯ Patient-controlled epidural analgesia provides effective and safe postoperative analgesia on hospital wards.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Mar 1998
Plasma levels of clonidine following epidural bolus injection in children.
The use of clonidine as an adjunct to epidural administration of local anesthetics in children has been reported to substantially improve the duration and quality of postoperative analgesia. The aims of the present study were to determine the pharmacokinetic profile and to investigate the interaction between postoperative sedation and analgesia after epidurally administered clonidine in children. ⋯ The pharmacokinetic profile associated with epidural clonidine administration in children (1-9 y) was similar to that previously reported in adults. The postoperative analgesia seen after administration of epidural bupivacaine-clonidine during general anesthesia in children cannot only be explained by residual postoperative sedation.
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Minerva anestesiologica · Mar 1998
[Analgesia and anesthesia in obstetrics. Territorial investigation].
There is a more and more interest regarding methods of obstetric analgesia and anesthesia while there is a lack of epidemiological data about local experiences. ⋯ The data obtained only confirm the extent of a well-known problem. In spite of the growing interest by the medical community, the attention shown for obstetric anesthesia and analgesia is, nevertheless, insufficient, especially due to financial and organizational problems which prevent from establishing a permanent pain therapy center.
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Case Reports
[Patient-controlled analgesia. PCA in a three year old child after traumatic amputation].
We report the case of a 3-year-old boy, who received long-term parent-controlled analgesia after traumatic amputation of one leg. He underwent surgery 17 times for a period of 25 days. Parent-controlled analgesia was started four days after admission because analgesia with non-opioid analgetics (acetaminophen) proved to be insufficient. ⋯ Feasibility was shown in adolescents and, more recently, in children aged five years and over. Only few reports are available describing long term use of PCA in children younger than five years. Our case suggests that PCA may also be used effectively and safely in children younger than five years, if experienced staff, a monitoring regimen and cooperative and well instructed parents are available.