Articles: analgesia.
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Regional anesthesia · May 1995
Comment Letter Case ReportsTransient motor deficit without sensory loss following subarachnoid sufentanil.
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The concept and value of 'multimodal' or 'balanced' analgesia in the treatment of postoperative pain is reviewed. Based upon the relatively few multimodal studies compared to unimodal studies, it is concluded that a combination of analgesics will improve pain relief including movement-associated pain. Since analgesic combination therapy is rational, further studies are needed to evaluate the optimal combination for each surgical procedure, as well as to assess the risk of side effects and need for surveillance in large-scale studies.
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Int J Obstet Anesth · Apr 1995
Levels of anaesthesia and intraoperative pain at caesarean section under regional block.
This prospective study recorded levels of analgesia (loss of sharp pin prick sensation) and anaesthesia (loss of touch sensation) in 220 women during caesarean section under regional anaesthesia (70 epidurals, 150 spinals). At delivery the difference between analgesia and anaesthesia varied from 0-7 segments for epidurals and 0-9 segments for spinals. ⋯ No patient with a level of anaesthesia which remained above T5 experienced pain. These results indicate that assessing the adequacy of block by sharp pin prick may be misleading and that in the absence of spinal or epidural narcotics a level of anaesthesia up to and including T5 is required to prevent pain during caesarean section.