Articles: adult.
-
Int J Evid Based Healthc · Dec 2008
Systematic review of the effectiveness of nursing interventions in reducing or relieving post-operative pain.
Objectives The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of nursing interventions for the relief/reduction of post-operative pain when compared with either standard care or other nursing interventions. Inclusion criteria Types of studies This review included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and other quasi-randomised experimental research designs. Types of participants Adults treated for post-operative pain in an acute care hospital. ⋯ When there are two similarly effective interventions nurses need to weigh the possible positive and negative of the intervention including side effects, risk of adverse events, cost and patient preference. Other considerations include variations in patients' past pain experiences, type of surgery, many different analgesics. Although there were no controlled trials to support assessment and documentation, professionally and legally, documentation is required.
-
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva · Dec 2008
Evaluation of extracurricular internships in the adult's intensive care units.
Students of Salvador - BA, Brazil were trained in critical care medicine by accomplishing extracurricular internships. This study aims to detect changes in attitude and interest of students who concluded these internships as well as the most frequent activities developed. ⋯ This study showed that internships in adult intensive care units of Salvador (BA), Brazil provided students with greater assurance to evaluate critical patients, increased their interest to follow an intensivist physician career and allowed contact with the main procedures and topics related to critical care medicine.
-
Intravenous (IV) access in children treated in the emergency department (ED) is frequently required and often difficult to obtain. While it has been shown that ultrasound can be useful in adults for both central and peripheral venous access, research regarding children has been limited. We sought to determine if the use of a static ultrasound technique could, a) allow clinicians to visualize peripheral veins and b) improve success rates of peripheral venous cannulation in young children in the ED. ⋯ Ultrasound allows physicians to visualize peripheral veins of young children in the ED. We were unable to demonstrate, however, a clinically important benefit to a static ultrasound aided vein cannulation technique performed by clinicians with limited ultrasound training over standard technique after one failed IV attempt in an academic pediatric ED.
-
Pediatr Crit Care Me · Oct 2008
WITHDRAWN: Reliability of displayed tidal volume in infants and children during dual controlled ventilation.
Previous studies have shown significant difference between ventilator-measured tidal volume and actual-delivered tidal volume. However, these studies utilized external methods for measurement of compression volume. Our objective was to determine whether tidal volume could be accurately measured at the expiratory valve of a conventional ventilator using internal computer software to compensate for circuit compliance, with a dual control mode of ventilation. DESIGN:: Clinical study during an 8-month period. SETTING:: Pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS:: All patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit during the enrollment period who were mechanically ventilated using the Servo i (Maquet, Bridgewater, NJ) were eligible for this study. INTERVENTIONS:: Patients were ventilated utilizing a dual control mode of ventilatory support and either an infant or adult circuit (with and without circuit compensation). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN ⋯ There is an underestimation of delivered tidal volume when compensating for circuit volume loss measured at the ventilator. There is no improvement in measured tidal volume utilizing circuit compensation in small infants and children.