Articles: adult.
-
The relations between resting heart rate on electrocardiogram, usual physical activity, and risks of all noncardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, and other noncardiovascular mortality were examined in 7,735 middle-aged British men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. Subjects were examined and administered questionnaires in 1978-1980. During a follow-up period of 9.5 years (to December 1989), there were 334 deaths from noncardiovascular causes, including 225 cancer deaths. ⋯ The positive associations with cancer and all noncardiovascular mortality persisted even after further adjustment for lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and exclusion of men with underlying ill health and of deaths occurring within the first 5 years of follow-up. A significant inverse association with seen between physical activity and risk of cancer death, even after adjustment for the above factors and heart rate, with a significant reduction only in those engaged in high levels of usual physical activity (relative risk = 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-0.98). The data suggest that in middle-aged men, resting heart rate and physical activity are independent prognostic factors for cancer mortality.
-
Journal of anesthesia · Jan 1993
Sustained effects of plasma norepinephrine levels on femoral-radial pressure gradient after cardiopulmonary bypass.
In order to determine the influence of the sympathetic nervous system upon the femoral-radial artery pressure gradient after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), we examined plasma norepinephrine levels in 34 adult male patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Cardiovascular parameters, including systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), hemoglobin (Hb) and peak dP/dt of radial and femoral artery pressures were measured after sternotomy, and immediately after the discontinuation of CPB and 90 min after CPB. Plasma norepinephrine levels were measured after sternotomy, after aortic declamping and 90 min after CPB. ⋯ Although there was no significant difference in Hb or PAP of 90 min after CPB in Groups A and B, the following values, listed in the order of A to B, were obtained; CI, 2.79 +/- 0.10 versus 3.46 +/- 0.16 l.min(-1).m(-2) (P < 0.01); mean radial artery pressure (MRP), 58.7 +/- 2.4 versus 65.1 +/- 1.8 mmHg (P < 0.05); peak dP/dt of radial artery pressure, 568 +/- 64 versus 1026 +/- 61 mmHg.sec(-1) (P < 0.001); and plasma norepinephrine concentration, 1.81 +/- 0.25 versus 0.98 +/- 0.10 ng.ml(-1) (P < 0.01), which were statistically significant. The higher femoral-radial artery pressure gradient after CPB was observed in patients with both a longer CPB time and a higher plasma norepinephrine concentration. These results suggest that a marked constriction of peripheral arteries might have produced a damped transmission of the pressure pulse to the radial artery.